Fusaka Update: Introducing the EIP-7825 Transaction Gas Limit Cap

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Commencing with the forthcoming Fusaka hard fork, EIP-7825 introduces a gas limit ceiling of 2²⁴ per transaction (≈ 16.78 million gas).

This modification is currently active on Holesky and Sepolia, and will be implemented on mainnet when Fusaka goes live.

Developers and users engaged in extensive transactions should confirm that their contracts and transaction creators comply with the new ceiling.

Background

As Ethereum progresses towards elevated block gas limits and prepares for concurrent execution (for instance, EIP-7928 in Glamsterdam), the Fusaka fork implements a gas limit cap on a per-transaction basis.

Previously, an individual transaction could occupy the full block gas limit (approximately 45 million gas), leading to possible DoS vulnerabilities and obstructing parallel execution. EIP-7825 sets a hard upper limit of 2²⁴ gas for each transaction to enhance block packing efficiency and facilitate improved parallel processing in future execution contexts.

This restriction does not impact the total block gas limit but solely constrains how much gas one transaction can utilize. In practice, this guarantees that blocks are comprised of numerous smaller, more consistent transactions rather than a singular oversized one.

Impact

For the majority of users, there are no alterations. The vast majority of transactions already hover well beneath 16 million gas [0].

Nevertheless, specific contracts and deployment scripts, particularly those executing batch operations, may surpass this limit. Such transactions will become invalid when Fusaka goes live.

If you oversee infrastructure that generates transactions nearing the former block gas limit, you should:

Run simulations for transactions on Holesky or Sepolia, both of which already enforce the 2²⁴ limit.
Modify batch operations into smaller, sequential transactions if required.
Pre-signed transactions may require re-signing under a lower gas limit if the gas limit of the transaction surpasses the new cap.
Review your tools, especially contract deployers, routers, and batching scripts, to ensure gas consumption stays below the new limit.

Refer to [1] for an empirical examination of impacts.

The updated transaction gas limit cap does not influence the limits for eth_call.

Actionable Changes

Test deployments and transaction creators on Sepolia or Holesky.
Revise any gas estimation algorithms that assume a higher per-transaction ceiling.
Refresh monitoring and alert systems to flag transactions exceeding the new gas limit.

All primary client implementations (Geth, Erigon, Reth, Nethermind, Besu) have integrated this adjustment in their Fusaka-ready
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releases.

Outlook

The transaction-based gas limit threshold is a component of Ethereum’s continual shift towards simultaneous execution. Although it might necessitate modifications, it sets a more secure and foreseeable basis for enhanced throughput in forthcoming forks.

Developers and community groups are advised to experiment on shared testnets prior to mainnet deployment and to participate in conversations within AllCoreDevs and Ethereum Magicians regarding upcoming EIPs.

The comprehensive dialogue and reasoning for the gas limit introduced in EIP-7825 can be located in [2].

A PEEPanEIP episode featuring Giulio from Erigon is available in [3].