{"id":6561,"date":"2024-12-26T01:12:59","date_gmt":"2024-12-26T00:12:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wsj-crypto.com\/?p=6561"},"modified":"2024-12-26T01:12:59","modified_gmt":"2024-12-26T00:12:59","slug":"innovations-in-motion-a-deep-dive-into-ef-backed-research-and-development-teams","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wsj-crypto.com\/index.php\/2024\/12\/26\/innovations-in-motion-a-deep-dive-into-ef-backed-research-and-development-teams\/","title":{"rendered":"Innovations in Motion: A Deep Dive into EF-Backed Research and Development Teams"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div id=\"\">\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">There is much to appreciate this festive season, from the inaugural anniversary of the beacon chain, to the successful enhancements throughout the past year and the remarkable advancements across the entire Ethereum ecosystem.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">As an exceptionally fruitful year comes to an end, we have a few final presents to share in the shape of updates from numerous (15+!!) EF-backed teams that are consistently striving to enhance the network. And there\u2019s a <!-- --><em class=\"chakra-text css-0\">wealth<!-- --><\/em> of substantial content here, so take a moment to sift through the table of contents, and delve in!<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">As always, this compilation series centers on EF-backed teams whose members are dedicated to expanding and refining Ethereum as a whole. Featured in this edition are updates from various teams noted in <!-- --><a class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.ethereum.org\/2021\/08\/12\/ef-supported-teams-research-and-development-update-2021-pt-2\">the last report<!-- --><\/a>, along with other new and rotating groups.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">Enjoy! \ud83e\udd84<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"chakra-heading css-1w54o5f\" id=\"consensus-rd-aka-ef-research-team\">Consensus R&amp;D (also known as EF Research Team)<!-- --><\/h2>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\"><em class=\"chakra-text css-0\">Written by Hsiao-Wei Wang<!-- --><\/em><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">In the latter half of this year, the accomplishments in Ethereum consensus R&amp;D encompassed:<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><br \/>\n<!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">In alignment with <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/notes.ethereum.org\/@timbeiko\/great-renaming\">The Great Renaming<!-- --><\/a>, we transitioned components to \u201cConsensus Layer\u201d from \u201cEth2\u201d for clearer long-term communication.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">In early 2022, our team will concentrate on facilitating the delivery of \u201cThe Merge\u201d, the most monumental consensus protocol enhancement ever. Luckily, we have tremendous backing from client teams, and others in the community striving to realize this! In the interim, we will continue our research on data availability, L1 scaling, and the aspects of the \u201cclean up\u201d fork post-The Merge.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"chakra-heading css-1w54o5f\" id=\"ecosystem-support-program\">Ecosystem Support Program<!-- --><\/h2>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\"><em class=\"chakra-text css-0\">Written by ESP Team<!-- --><\/em><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">We released our <!-- --><a class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.ethereum.org\/2021\/11\/04\/esp-allocation-update-q2-2021\">Q2 Allocation Update<!-- --><\/a> with grants totaling $7,794,000 for the quarter &#8211; and Q3 is swiftly approaching! You can also discover recent monthly roundups <!-- --><a class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.ethereum.org\/2021\/10\/22\/esp-grantee-roundup-sep-21\">here<!-- --><\/a> and <!-- --><a class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.ethereum.org\/2021\/09\/22\/esp-grantee-roundup-aug-21\">here<!-- --><\/a> for comprehensive progress updates from some of our outstanding grantees.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">Behind the scenes, we\u2019re engaged in a significant website overhaul that should simplify the understanding of ESP\u2019s mission and priorities, and enable eligible builders to apply for funding or additional support. We can\u2019t wait to unveil the new site in early 2022!<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"chakra-heading css-1w54o5f\" id=\"ethereumorg\">Ethereum.org<!-- --><\/h2>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\"><em class=\"chakra-text css-0\">Written by Sam Richards<!-- --><\/em><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">To enhance our work&#8217;s accessibility and encourage greater community collaboration, our team publishes an outline of our quarterly roadmap objectives. See our <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/ethereum\/ethereum-org-website\/issues\/4215\">Q4 product roadmap here<!-- --><\/a>.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">Happy holidays to everyone from the <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/ethereum.org\/\">ethereum.org<!-- --><\/a> team \ud83d\ude00\ud83c\udf84 As always, <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/ethereum.org\/en\/about\/\">our vision with ethereum.org<!-- --><\/a> is to establish the premier portal for Ethereum\u2019s expanding community and to serve as the initial access point to Ethereum for millions of new visitors each month.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"chakra-heading css-145upk7\" id=\"content-updates\">Content updates<!-- --><\/h3>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">Ethereum progresses quickly! In addition to updating countless pages to maintain accurate and current information, we\u2019ve also introduced a variety of new content:<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><br \/>\n<!-- --><br \/>\n<!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/ethereum.org\/\">Ethereum.org<!-- --><\/a> thrives due to the contributions of hundreds in terms of content and code from the community. In Q3\/Q4, we focused on enhancing contribution opportunities and acknowledging the community for their efforts:<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"chakra-heading css-1u9mv6z\" id=\"some-stats-aug---dec\">Some statistics (Aug &#8211; Dec)<!-- --><\/h4>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<ul role=\"list\" class=\"css-1onhfjo\">\n<li class=\"css-cvpopp\">Our <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/ethereum\/ethereum-org-website\">GitHub<!-- --><\/a> contributors grew by 57%, from 396 to 621 \ud83d\ude32<!-- --><\/li>\n<li class=\"css-cvpopp\">Our <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/discord.gg\/bTCfS8C\">Discord community<!-- --><\/a> nearly doubled, going from 6,500 to 12,200 members \ud83c\udf89<!-- --><\/li>\n<li class=\"css-cvpopp\">We\u2019ve conducted two <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=_rAqApQqP5Y\">community<!-- --><\/a> <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=hbL1hziYMYM&amp;t=22s\">calls<!-- --><\/a> and initiated office hours for contributors<!-- --><\/li>\n<li class=\"css-cvpopp\">We added 3 new community guides (trusted members addressing inquiries and moderating discussions) \ud83d\ude0e<!-- --><\/li>\n<li class=\"css-cvpopp\">We introduced tiered POAPs to gamify contributions for content, code, and translations<!-- --><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"chakra-heading css-145upk7\" id=\"translation-program\">Translation Program<!-- --><\/h3>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">Since appointing our new Translation Lead in July, <!-- --><a class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.ethereum.org\/2021\/10\/04\/translation-program-update\">the Translation Program has truly accelerated<!-- --><\/a>!<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"chakra-heading css-1u9mv6z\" id=\"some-stats\">Some statistics:<!-- --><\/h4>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<ul role=\"list\" class=\"css-1onhfjo\">\n<li class=\"css-cvpopp\">From July to November, the community collectively translated 1,373,046 words for <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/ethereum.org\/\">ethereum.org<!-- --><\/a>, more than 10 times the amount from the same timeframe last year! To put this into perspective, this is like translating nearly 20 entire books \ud83d\udcda!<!-- --><\/li>\n<li class=\"css-cvpopp\">We\u2019ve had translation assistance from over 2,500 community contributors \ud83e\udd2f<!-- --><\/li>\n<li class=\"css-cvpopp\">We currently have 37 languages live on <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/ethereum.org\/\">ethereum.org<!-- --><\/a> \ud83c\udf0d<!-- --><\/li>\n<li class=\"css-cvpopp\">We initiated a project to better <!-- -->&#8220;`html<br \/>\n<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/ethereum.org\/en\/contributing\/translation-program\/acknowledgements\/\">recognize our translators<!-- --><\/a>, encompassing a leaderboard and translator certificates!<!-- --><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"chakra-heading css-145upk7\" id=\"clr-funding\">CLR funding<!-- --><\/h3>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">We are backing a <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/clr.fund\">clr.fund<!-- --><\/a> round on Layer 2! Following over 6 months of contributions to clr.fund&#8217;s quadratic funding stack, we have integrated our modifications into the upstream repo, which enables L2 network support and a range of web app improvements.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/clr.fund\">clr.fund<!-- --><\/a> intends to initiate a funding round on Arbitrum One focused on the staking ecosystem in January, and the EF is thrilled to provide matching funds to this round. We invite you to participate! Keep an eye out for more information. Hooray for public goods!<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">We have been building on the foundations laid by pioneers. Our gratitude goes to the <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/clr.fund\">clr.fund<!-- --><\/a> team, the MACI team, and the clr.fund&#8217;s community of contributors who consistently drive advancements in the ZKP &amp; quadratic funding domain.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"chakra-heading css-145upk7\" id=\"whats-next\">What lies ahead?<!-- --><\/h3>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<ul role=\"list\" class=\"css-1onhfjo\">\n<li class=\"css-cvpopp\">establishing a learning platform to enable non-technical users to become adept Ethereum users<!-- --><\/li>\n<li class=\"css-cvpopp\">developing additional materials on node operation and staking for enhanced accessibility<!-- --><\/li>\n<li class=\"css-cvpopp\">further streamlining our translation processes to expedite the release of translated content<!-- --><\/li>\n<li class=\"css-cvpopp\">broadening the Translation Program beyond <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"http:\/\/ethereum.org\">ethereum.org<!-- --><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"css-cvpopp\">refreshing content to shift away from the <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/ethereum.org\/en\/eth2\/\">Eth2<!-- --><\/a> terminology as the merge draws near<!-- --><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"chakra-heading css-145upk7\" id=\"how-does-that-sound\">How does it sound?<!-- --><\/h3>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">We value your insights regarding our roadmap. Our core principles focus on generating the highest value in the shortest timeframe, so if you have suggestions on what we should prioritize, do not hesitate to share! We encourage input and contributions from everyone in the community.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/ethereum.org\/en\/contributing\/\">Learn more about contributing<!-- --><\/a><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"chakra-heading css-1w54o5f\" id=\"ipsilon\">Ipsilon<!-- --><\/h2>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\"><em class=\"chakra-text css-0\">Written by Alex Beregszaszi<!-- --><\/em><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\"><em class=\"chakra-text css-0\">We have launched a <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/ipsilon.xyz\">team website<!-- --><\/a> to offer a clear explanation and to thoroughly list our ongoing and previous projects.<!-- --><\/em><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">It&#8217;s apparent from the subsequent headers that during the latter half of the year, the team&#8217;s primary focus was on the EVM. Additionally, it is worth noting that we have collaborated with the Geth Team to enhance the performance of the EVM interpreter.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"chakra-heading css-145upk7\" id=\"evm-object-format-eof\">EVM Object Format (EOF)<!-- --><\/h3>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">The initial phase of this, <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/eips.ethereum.org\/EIPS\/eip-3541\">EIP-3541<!-- --><\/a>, went into effect with London, and we have <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/notes.ethereum.org\/@ipsilon\/eof-prefix-selection\">conducted a survey<!-- --><\/a> across various testnets and EVM chains to discover a suitable prefix for EOF.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">Further clarifications have been made to <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/eips.ethereum.org\/EIPS\/eip-3540\">EIP-3540<!-- --><\/a> (including the selected prefix), and we have also suggested additional work building on it:<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<ul role=\"list\" class=\"css-1onhfjo\">\n<li class=\"css-cvpopp\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/eips.ethereum.org\/EIPS\/eip-3670\">EIP-3670<!-- --><\/a> to implement code validation at deployment time<!-- --><\/li>\n<li class=\"css-cvpopp\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/eips.ethereum.org\/EIPS\/eip-3690\">EIP-3690<!-- --><\/a> to substitute <!-- --><span class=\"chakra-text css-ons8vw\">JUMPDEST<\/span> opcodes with a JUMPDEST-table<!-- --><\/li>\n<li class=\"css-cvpopp\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/eips.ethereum.org\/EIPS\/eip-4200\">EIP-4200<!-- --><\/a> to introduce two new opcodes, <!-- --><span class=\"chakra-text css-ons8vw\">RJUMP<\/span> and <!-- --><span class=\"chakra-text css-ons8vw\">RJUMPI<\/span>, enabling static jumps<!-- --><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">In October, we showcased EOF at <!-- --><em class=\"chakra-text css-0\">Liscon<!-- --><\/em> (<!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/axic.github.io\/notes\/liscon_eof\/\">slides here<!-- --><\/a>, but the recording is not available) and at the <!-- --><em class=\"chakra-text css-0\">Ethereum Meetup in Berlin<!-- --><\/em> (<!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/gumb0.github.io\/slides\/berlin_meetup_eof\/\">slides<!-- --><\/a>, <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/wa1qCKR8ig8?t=5264\">recording<!-- --><\/a>).<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"chakra-heading css-145upk7\" id=\"other-eips\">Other EIPs<!-- --><\/h3>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"chakra-heading css-1u9mv6z\" id=\"eip-2681-limit-account-nonce-to-264-1\">EIP-2681 (<!-- --><em class=\"chakra-text css-0\">Limit account nonce to 2^64-1<!-- --><\/em>)<!-- --><\/h4>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">One of our earlier proposals, <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/eips.ethereum.org\/EIPS\/eip-2681\">EIP-2681<!-- --><\/a>, was approved during <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/ethereum\/pm\/blob\/master\/AllCoreDevs-Meetings\/Meeting%20120.md#limiting-account-nonce-eip-2681-vs-3338\">ACD#120<!-- --><\/a>. It formalizes a limitation that had already been (partially) applied in practice in many clients. Following its acceptance, we extended the Ethereum State Tests suite and modified the geth implementation.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"chakra-heading css-1u9mv6z\" id=\"eip-3855-push0-instruction\">EIP-3855 (<!-- --><em class=\"chakra-text css-0\">PUSH0 instruction<!-- --><\/em>)<!-- --><\/h4>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/eips.ethereum.org\/EIPS\/eip-3855\">EIP-3855<!-- --><\/a> aims to introduce a <!-- --><span class=\"chakra-text css-ons8vw\">PUSH0<\/span> instruction that places 0 onto the stack. This feature is commonly utilized, currently achieved through inefficient or repurposed instructions.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">Our analysis determined that significant resources<br \/>\n&#8220;`could have been conserved with this opcode:<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"chakra-code css-1cl98my\"><p>\n<!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">To illustrate the \u201cwaste,\u201d across current accounts, 340,557,331 bytes are squandered on PUSH1 00 instructions, resulting in a consumption of 68,111,466,200 gas for their deployment.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"chakra-heading css-1u9mv6z\" id=\"eip-3860-limit-and-meter-initcode\">EIP-3860 (<!-- --><em class=\"chakra-text css-0\">Limit and measure initcode<!-- --><\/em>)<!-- --><\/h4>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/eips.ethereum.org\/EIPS\/eip-3860\">EIP-3860<!-- --><\/a> represents a suggestion to set a limit and establish metering for initcode. This would facilitate more efficient analysis and execution, as implementations would confront fewer uncertainties.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"chakra-heading css-145upk7\" id=\"geth\">geth<!-- --><\/h3>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">In partnership with the Geth Team, we initiated efforts to assess and enhance the performance of the EVM interpreter within geth.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">From an analytical standpoint, two reports stand out:<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<ul role=\"list\" class=\"css-1onhfjo\">\n<li class=\"css-cvpopp\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/notes.ethereum.org\/@ipsilon\/evm-performance-report-geth-vs-evmone\">Geth vs evmone<!-- --><\/a> contrasts the performance speeds of Geth and evmone via the benchmarking suite in evmone.<!-- --><\/li>\n<li class=\"css-cvpopp\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/notes.ethereum.org\/@ipsilon\/evm-performance-report-geth-and-go-compiler\">Geth &amp; Go compiler<!-- --><\/a> investigates the influence of the Go compiler version on the operational speed of geth.<!-- --><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">Following these preliminary outcomes, we have pursued profiling geth to ultimately provide various enhancements to the codebase, most of which have already been merged. A non-exhaustive enumeration of significant PRs: <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/ethereum\/go-ethereum\/pull\/23952\">23952<!-- --><\/a>, <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/ethereum\/go-ethereum\/pull\/23970\">23970<!-- --><\/a>, <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/ethereum\/go-ethereum\/pull\/23974\">23974<!-- --><\/a>, <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/ethereum\/go-ethereum\/pull\/23977\">23977<!-- --><\/a>, <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/ethereum\/go-ethereum\/pull\/24017\">24017<!-- --><\/a>, <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/ethereum\/go-ethereum\/pull\/24026\">24026<!-- --><\/a>, <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/ethereum\/go-ethereum\/pull\/24031\">24031<!-- --><\/a>, <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/ethereum\/go-ethereum\/pull\/24120\">24120<!-- --><\/a>.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">Visit <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/ethereum\/go-ethereum\/pulls?q=involves%3Achfast+involves%3Aaxic+involves%3Agumb0\">this link<!-- --><\/a> for a comprehensive view of all PRs. We intend to persist in this work during the forthcoming quarter.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"chakra-heading css-145upk7\" id=\"evmone\">evmone<!-- --><\/h3>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">Two bugfix releases of evmone have been launched: <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/ethereum\/evmone\/releases\/tag\/v0.8.1\">0.8.1<!-- --><\/a> and <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/ethereum\/evmone\/releases\/tag\/v0.8.2\">0.8.2<!-- --><\/a>.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"chakra-heading css-145upk7\" id=\"ethash\">ethash<!-- --><\/h3>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">The team also operates a <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/chfast\/ethash\">C++ ethash\/keccak256 library<!-- --><\/a>, utilized by evmone and Silkworm.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">The recent <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/chfast\/ethash\/releases\/tag\/v0.8.0\">0.8.0 release<!-- --><\/a> introduces an additional method for confirming the final Ethash hashes against the block difficulty. This represents both a usability and efficiency enhancement. The method has been <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/ethresear.ch\/t\/faster-ethash-check-against-difficulty\/11442\">shared on Ethresear.ch<!-- --><\/a>.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">Moreover, ProgPoW has been phased out in the library.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"chakra-heading css-145upk7\" id=\"fizzy\">Fizzy<!-- --><\/h3>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">The team also engaged in the <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/hopin.com\/events\/wasm-in-web3\">Wasm in Web3<!-- --><\/a> conference last September. We conducted two presentations:<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<ul role=\"list\" class=\"css-1onhfjo\">\n<li class=\"css-cvpopp\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=7C0YuLSHmhI\">Fizzy \u2014 A deterministic interpreter<!-- --><\/a> (<!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/axic.github.io\/notes\/wasm_in_web3_fizzy\">slides<!-- --><\/a>) offered an extensive overview of what Fizzy is, its comparisons with other engines, and elaborated on many design choices made.<!-- --><\/li>\n<li class=\"css-cvpopp\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=St1PxQB3uPk\">Weird quirks while testing WebAssembly<!-- --><\/a> showcased a good variety of edge cases encountered during Fizzy&#8217;s development. The discussion also proposed potential solutions and clarified these edge cases, as well as how the official WebAssembly test suite was extended to account for them.<!-- --><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"chakra-heading css-1w54o5f\" id=\"formal-verification\">Formal Verification<!-- --><\/h2>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\"><em class=\"chakra-text css-0\">Written by Leo Alt<!-- --><\/em><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">In the latter half of the year, the FV team continued to concentrate on our existing tools:<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">Act:<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<ul role=\"list\" class=\"css-1onhfjo\">\n<li class=\"css-cvpopp\">We finally launched Act 0.1! You can explore the incredible tutorial at <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/fv.ethereum.org\/2021\/08\/31\/act-0.1\/\">https:\/\/fv.ethereum.org\/2021\/08\/31\/act-0.1\/<!-- --><\/a> to learn about the current possibilities and how to utilize it.<!-- --><\/li>\n<li class=\"css-cvpopp\">We are presently overhauling error handling to enhance usability.<!-- --><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">Hevm:<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">SMTChecker:<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<ul role=\"list\" class=\"css-1onhfjo\">\n<li class=\"css-cvpopp\">Accurately monitor the balances of contracts, including <!-- --><span class=\"chakra-text css-ons8vw\">msg.value<\/span> being sent to and from the evaluated contracts.<!-- --><\/li>\n<li class=\"css-cvpopp\">Additionally, accommodate the low-level <!-- --><span class=\"chakra-text css-ons8vw\">call<\/span> function as an insecure external call.<!-- --><\/li>\n<li class=\"css-cvpopp\">Enhance counterexamples by notifying <!-- --><span class=\"chakra-text css-ons8vw\">block.*<\/span>, <!-- --><span class=\"chakra-text css-ons8vw\">msg.*<\/span> and <!-- --><span class=\"chakra-text css-ons8vw\">tx.*<\/span> values that are essential for targets that failed verification.<!-- --><\/li>\n<li class=\"css-cvpopp\">Inform the user about contract and reentrancy inductive invariants.<!-- --><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"chakra-heading css-1w54o5f\" id=\"geth-1\">Geth<!-- --><\/h2>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\"><em class=\"chakra-text css-0\">Written by Felix Lange<!-- --><\/em><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">In the latter half of 2021, we released 9 versions of geth. As always, our time was divided among EIP assessment\/implementation, client optimization\/maintenance, and reviewing code modifications suggested by the community.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">In July, the London hard fork, incorporating EIP-1559, went live. The novel gas pricing framework established by this EIP necessitated numerous modifications throughout all components of geth. Even now, six months post-launch, we are still uncovering and resolving corner-case problems associated with EIP-1559.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">During the past six months, two security weaknesses were uncovered. For each, we adhered to our security advisory protocol: a CVE number was promptly assigned to the issue, followed by the release of a hotfix. Comprehensive technical information regarding the vulnerabilities was disclosed 6-8 weeks later.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">In the final quarter of 2021, our efforts predominantly transitioned towards the implementation and testing of <!-- --><em class=\"chakra-text css-0\">The Merge<!-- --><\/em>. We are on course to transform geth into the &#8216;execution layer client&#8217; for the merged execution+consensus (formerly \u201ceth1+eth2\u201d) layers. To prepare for The Merge, a significant portion of our sync code has been restructured to function under the governance of the consensus layer. Geth is also participating in Merge testnets.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">Furthermore, the geth team has been engaged in several long-term initiatives, including the implementation of Verkle Trees, a light client for the beacon chain, and a new database storage architecture for the Ethereum state.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"chakra-heading css-1w54o5f\" id=\"javascript-team\">JavaScript Team<!-- --><\/h2>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\"><em class=\"chakra-text css-0\">Written by Holger Drewes<!-- --><\/em><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">In the last two quarters of 2021, preparations for \u201cthe significant transitions\u201d on the Ethereum network were a primary area of focus. We took part in the Merge Interop event in Greece and launched the first Merge-testnet-ready versions of our client, VM, and associated libraries (see for example the EthereumJS client v0.2 release). We also commenced an intriguing experiment in collaboration with the Go-Ethereum Verkle\/Stateless team to natively test stateless block execution utilizing a verkle proof served alongside a modified block header through devp2p within our client. If you\u2019re curious, you can track our progress by viewing the following <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/ethereumjs\/ethereumjs-monorepo\/issues\/1533\">tracking issue<!-- --><\/a>.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">More relevant for the end user <!-- --><em class=\"chakra-text css-0\">at this moment<!-- --><\/em>: we&#8217;ve enhanced our libraries&#8217; support for emerging L2 networks such as Polygon, Arbitrum, and Optimism. These and several other networks can now be directly referenced to, for instance, send a transaction to a specific L2 network. Refer to the Common <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/ethereumjs\/ethereumjs-monorepo\/releases\/tag\/%40ethereumjs%2Fcommon%402.6.0\">v2.6.0<!-- --><\/a> release for the latest integration of the Optimism L2 network.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">Lastly, there is a VM ArrowGlacier release that is <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/ethereumjs\/ethereumjs-monorepo\/releases\/tag\/%40ethereumjs%2Fvm%405.6.0\">available<!-- --><\/a>, along with updates on the Ethers.js front. Richard just shared an exciting summary of the forthcoming Ethers.js v6 library modifications and updates on his <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.ricmoo.com\/highlights-ethers-js-december-2021-dc1adb779d1a\">blog<!-- --><\/a>.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"chakra-heading css-1w54o5f\" id=\"privacy--scaling-explorations\">Privacy &amp; Scaling Explorations<!-- --><\/h2>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\"><em class=\"chakra-text css-0\">Written by Thore Hildebrandt<!-- --><\/em><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">The Privacy &amp; Scaling Explorations team aims to connect pioneering research in zero-knowledge proofs with application development on Ethereum.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"chakra-heading css-145upk7\" id=\"zkevm\">zkEVM<!-- --><\/h3>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">The objective of <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/appliedzkp\/zkevm-circuits\/tree\/main\/zkevm-circuits\/src\">zkEVM<!-- --><\/a> is to execute smart contracts in a zk-rollup. Unfortunately, the EVM was not designed for zk circuits, which presents a challenge. Our goal is to embed the complete set of EVM opcodes directly into zk circuits so that a smart contract on L1 can be transitioned to L2 with minimal alterations. This will enable full compatibility with existing tools and allow us to utilize the knowledge of the EVM that the ecosystem has developed over the years. We are making significant strides in specifying the opcodes and implementing the circuits, with early benchmarks and a crucial objective moving forward to reduce prover time.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"chakra-heading css-145upk7\" id=\"zkopru\">ZKOPRU<!-- --><\/h3>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">ZKOPRU (zk-optimistic-rollup) is a layer-2 scaling solution aimed at private transactions utilizing zk-SNARK and optimistic rollup. It facilitates private transfers and private atomic swaps within the layer-2 network for ETH, ERC20, and ERC721. Additionally, it offers instant withdrawal with pay-in-advance capabilities and compliance compatibility through spending and viewing keys. ZKOPRU <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/medium.com\/privacy-scaling-explorations\/zkopru-on-testnet-ba5b2d65ffa1\">recently launched<!-- --><\/a> on testnet &#8211; feel free to explore it. We are focused on enhancing sync times and developing a private exchange feature.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"chakra-heading css-145upk7\" id=\"unirep--unirep-social\">Unirep &amp; Unirep Social<!-- --><\/h3>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/NIC619\/UniRep\">UniRep<!-- --><\/a> represents a private and non-repudiable reputation system. Users can receive positive and negative reputation from attestors, allowing them to voluntarily prove they possess at least a certain quantity of reputation without disclosing the exact number. Furthermore, users cannot deny receiving reputation from an attester. We are leveraging Unirep to create <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/vivianjeng\/Unirep-Social\">Unirep Social<!-- --><\/a>: a Reddit-like platform that enables users to privately amass karma. Developing the Unirep Social website has been our primary focus over the last few months. Proofs in Unirep are now indexed to allow multiple references and prevent the same proof from being submitted repeatedly. Unirep can now manage an initial reputation airdrop and user state transition airdrop. We are also enhancing theefficiency in producing user states and Unirep states.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">Fundamental functionalities, user interface design, and both frontend and backend of Unirep Social are finalized, and we are organizing a closed pre-alpha launch. Explore <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/medium.com\/privacy-scaling-explorations\/unirep-a-private-and-non-repudiable-reputation-system-7fb5c6478549?source=collection_home---6------4-----------------------\">this blog post<!-- --><\/a> if you wish to discover additional details.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"chakra-heading css-145upk7\" id=\"clrfund-for-everyone\">CLR.fund for Everyone<!-- --><\/h3>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">The aim of the initiative is to simplify the process for any community to conduct their own CLR round utilizing clr.fund. This project has been highly active. You can now launch your own quadratic funding application with the clr.fund <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/clrfund-xdai.on.fleek.co\/#\/\">Deployer<!-- --><\/a>. Enable your community to select and finance its own future in a completely decentralized way. Explore our <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/thegraph.com\/legacy-explorer\/subgraph\/daodesigner\/clrfund-xdai?selected=playground\">Subgraph<!-- --><\/a> and <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/clrfund.gitbook.io\/deployer\/\">Documentation<!-- --><\/a>.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"chakra-heading css-145upk7\" id=\"interrep\">InterRep<!-- --><\/h3>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">Reputation is vital for establishing trust. Individuals invest years cultivating their reputation on centralized social networks, yet they must start anew whenever using a new application. InterRep seeks to render reputation transferable to enhance the cumulative advantages of trusted human interactions across the internet. <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/jaygraber.medium.com\/introducing-interrep-255d3f56682\">Discover this blog post<!-- --><\/a> for the initial announcement and <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/InterRep\/contracts\">the repository<!-- --><\/a>. Over the last quarter, we have broadened the spectrum of social proof sources, adding POAP and email, and creating curated groups: both on-chain and off-chain through a Telegram bot. We are undertaking a UI overhaul, enhancing interaction with client applications, and preparing for a live launch.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"chakra-heading css-145upk7\" id=\"semaphore--zk-keeper\">Semaphore \/ ZK-Keeper<!-- --><\/h3>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/appliedzkp\/semaphore\">Semaphore<!-- --><\/a> is a zero-knowledge framework that enables users to demonstrate their membership of a group without disclosing their original identity. Simultaneously, it allows users to express their support for an arbitrary string. It is intended to serve as a straightforward and versatile privacy layer for Ethereum decentralized applications (dApps). Possible applications include private voting, whistleblowing, mixers, and anonymous authentication. With ZK-Keeper, we are concentrating on keeping Semaphore current with the latest zk tools and integrating it into other projects such as InterRep. We have developed new libraries for processing semaphore proofs and identities. Implementation is now completed on top of Halo2, and we are preparing it for browser use.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"chakra-heading css-145upk7\" id=\"rln\">RLN<!-- --><\/h3>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">RLN (Rate Limiting Nullifier) is a construct based on zero-knowledge proofs that facilitates spam prevention in decentralized, anonymous environments. In anonymous settings, the identities of the participants remain concealed. We have recently published an <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/medium.com\/privacy-scaling-explorations\/rate-limiting-nullifier-a-spam-protection-mechanism-for-anonymous-environments-bbe4006a57d?source=collection_home---6------3-----------------------\">informative blog post<!-- --><\/a> to generate more interest in the concept. We have completed research regarding the &#8220;Feasibility analysis for ETH2 Validator privacy using RLN&#8221;. We are advancing towards the production of the \u201cPrivate instant chat application using RLN and Interrep\u201d project. Additionally, we are assisting in the integration of the ZK-Keeper plugin into the RLN initiatives.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"chakra-heading css-1w54o5f\" id=\"protocol-support\">Protocol Support<!-- --><\/h2>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\"><em class=\"chakra-text css-0\">Written by Tim Beiko<!-- --><\/em><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">The Protocol Support (PS) team was established in 2021 to enhance the various ways in which teams constructing or engaging with the Ethereum base layer receive assistance. The primary focus of the team is to empower core developers to implement network upgrades on Ethereum\u2019s execution layer.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">In pursuit of this goal, <!-- --><a class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.ethereum.org\/2021\/03\/08\/ethereum-berlin-upgrade-announcement\">Berlin<!-- --><\/a>, <!-- --><a class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.ethereum.org\/2021\/07\/15\/london-mainnet-announcement\">London<!-- --><\/a> and <!-- --><a class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.ethereum.org\/2021\/11\/10\/arrow-glacier-announcement\">Arrow Glacier<!-- --><\/a> were launched this year. Beyond these milestones, the PS team dedicated significant resources toward The Merge, initially with <!-- --><a class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.ethereum.org\/2021\/04\/02\/finalized-no-25\">Rayonism<!-- --><\/a>, then the <!-- --><a class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.ethereum.org\/2021\/10\/15\/amphora-merge-milestone\">Amphora workshop<!-- --><\/a>, and currently the <!-- --><a class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.ethereum.org\/2021\/12\/20\/kintsugi-merge-testnet\">Kintsugi Devnet<!-- --><\/a>!<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">This rapid pace and breadth of change has necessitated increased outreach to the Ethereum community, prompting our team to arrange regular Community Calls. During these sessions, application, infrastructure, and tool developers were invited to discuss optimal ways to assist protocol upgrades and ensure a seamless transition for their users. Alongside these calls, the team has delivered several presentations and published various articles concerning the evolving Ethereum roadmap, including <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/hackmd.io\/@timbeiko\/acd\">this recent update for all core developers<!-- --><\/a>, <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/newsletter.banklesshq.com\/p\/ethereum-roadmap-update-end-of-2021\">this piece in Bankless<!-- --><\/a>, and <!-- --><a class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.ethereum.org\/2021\/11\/29\/how-the-merge-impacts-app-layer\">this recent article on the Merge and its implications for the application layer in the EF Blog<!-- --><\/a>.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">In addition to protocol upgrades, the PS team has undertaken two major projects to guarantee that client teams receive ample support. Firstly, a <!-- --><a class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.ethereum.org\/2021\/12\/13\/client-incentive-program\">Client Incentive Program<!-- --><\/a> was introduced to provide teams with long-term incentives aligned with Ethereum\u2019s goals. This initiative offers client teams a set of 144 validators that they are required to operate using their software. Assuming teams continue to fulfill specific performance standards on the mainnet, these validators gradually vest to the teams, which can choose to either liquidate them or continue operating to earn rewards and fees. This program aligns teams with Ethereum&#8217;s objectives, guarantees they are utilizing their clients on the mainnet, and ensures they consistently deliver effectivesoftware.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">Secondly, a <!-- --><a class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.ethereum.org\/2021\/05\/13\/core-dev-apprenticeship\">Core Developer Apprenticeship Initiative<!-- --><\/a> was initiated. This initiative offered stipends and guidance to self-motivated individuals eager to delve into protocol development. CDAP was started as a trial that turned out to be exceptionally effective! Two cohorts were conducted, including over 25 participants. From this group, no fewer than 5 are now employed full-time within the ecosystem. These early cohorts have enlightened us significantly on what was successful and what areas could see enhancements within the program. Anticipate an upgraded CDAP in 2022!<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">Finally, the team ventured into offering infrastructure to client teams and the larger community. To this end, <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/crawler.ethereum.org\/\">crawler.ethereum.org<!-- --><\/a> was launched and made open source. We hope that the existence of an additional crawler, available for community improvement, modification, or forking, contributes toward a better understanding of the network\u2019s topology.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"chakra-heading css-1w54o5f\" id=\"remix\">Remix<!-- --><\/h2>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\"><em class=\"chakra-text css-0\">Written by Rob Stupay<!-- --><\/em><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">In the past 6 months, the Remix team has disassembled the back of our application to carry out significant rewiring. The foremost of these alterations was the ongoing migration of our code to React. Additionally, we broadened our outreach by fine-tuning effective channels to new communities, and assisting new users with a simple product \u201ctour\u201d of our IDE. We\u2019ve integrated projects into our \u201cexperience,\u201d incorporating Slither, and Hardhat, along with upgrading the Remix VSCode extension.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">Moreover, we collaborated on tools for cooperative coding, advancing Decentralized GIT and linking with Github. Finally, we\u2019ve refreshed our current plugins. In summary, we\u2019ve cranked it up to 11.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/medium.com\/remix-ide\/the-remix-project-in-2021s-q3-q4-16a4ead74eed?source=friends_link&amp;sk=b62aabb8fc09c5f5fa37e869c55c03d9\">Discover more details in our article<!-- --><\/a>.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"chakra-heading css-1w54o5f\" id=\"robust-incentives-group\">Robust Incentives Group<!-- --><\/h2>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\"><em class=\"chakra-text css-0\">Written by Barnabe Monnot<!-- --><\/em><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">The RIG (Robust Incentives Group) welcomed several new members and was engaged in numerous significant milestones for the Ethereum protocol. For a brief recap of what the RIG signifies and our focuses, you can view <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/6FIIZW7ScuE\">Protocol cryptoeconomics with the RIG<!-- --><\/a>, presented by <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/barnabemonnot\">Barnab\u00e9<!-- --><\/a> at EthCC in July.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">Regarding the Proof-of-Stake consensus, <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/casparschwa\">Caspar<!-- --><\/a>, who joined us as a full-time research scientist earlier this year, identified a problem with the existing fork choice, documented as <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2110.10086\">Three attacks on Proof-of-Stake Ethereum<!-- --><\/a>. Luckily, there is a robust candidate fix that was <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/ethereum\/consensus-specs\/pull\/2730\">recently integrated<!-- --><\/a> into the consensus specifications, following many fruitful discussions with Stanford&#8217;s <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/tselab.stanford.edu\/\">Tse Lab<!-- --><\/a>, who co-authored the &#8220;Three attacks&#8221; paper. Caspar and others also suggested an alternative mitigation (&#8220;<!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/ethresear.ch\/t\/change-fork-choice-rule-to-mitigate-balancing-and-reorging-attacks\/11127\">proposer view merge<!-- --><\/a>&#8220;), which remains under investigation. Watch <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/vimeo.com\/637529564\">Caspar at Liscon<!-- --><\/a> presenting his findings!<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/ShyamSridhar7\">Shyam<!-- --><\/a>, who initially joined us as a research intern last summer and is currently a research assistant at the RIG, released <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/shsr2001.github.io\/beacondigest\/\">a collection of notebooks<!-- --><\/a> analyzing beacon chain statistics from various unique perspectives, including <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/shsr2001.github.io\/beacondigest\/notebooks\/2021\/06\/07\/oceanic.html\">oceanic games<!-- --><\/a> and <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/shsr2001.github.io\/beacondigest\/notebooks\/2021\/07\/19\/measuring_decentralization.html\">inequality<!-- --><\/a>. Shyam has also been enhancing an extension to our <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/ethereum.github.io\/beaconrunner\">Beacon runner<!-- --><\/a> PoS simulation engine that incorporates reinforcement learning. Check out <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=mwxK7tEtcIM\">his presentation at EDCON<!-- --><\/a>!<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">Block 12,965,000, August 5th, 12:33:42 PM UTC, marked a significant milestone for us: the London hard fork was initiated, bringing with it EIP-1559. Throughout the past year, we&#8217;ve released a series of notebooks detailing <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/ethereum.github.io\/abm1559\">various simulations<!-- --><\/a> of the new fee market system, laying the groundwork for further evaluations post-launch. Barnab\u00e9 shared some findings <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/ZmzIHFuwdg0?t=239\">shortly thereafter<!-- --><\/a>, and co-authored (alongside Shyam) a detailed paper, <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2110.04753\">Transaction Fees on a Honeymoon: Ethereum&#8217;s EIP-1559 One Month Later<!-- --><\/a>. The paper is driven by the behavior of the 1559 update rule in practice, and opens new avenues for research aimed at enhancing the rule.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">The RIG also collaborated closely with the <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/cadCAD_Edu\">cadCAD Edu<!-- --><\/a> group to prepare <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/cadCAD_Edu\/status\/1435580548957749250\">an online masterclass in validator economics<!-- --><\/a>, supported by a fully extensible <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/CADLabs\/ethereum-economic-model\">model of Ethereum economics<!-- --><\/a> (in Python).<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"chakra-heading css-1w54o5f\" id=\"snake-charmers-python-ecosystem\">Snake Charmers [Python Ecosystem]<!-- --><\/h2>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\"><em class=\"chakra-text css-0\">Composed by Keri Clowes<!-- --><\/em><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">In the latter part of 2021, the Snake Charmers group finalized the modifications required across the ecosystem to facilitate the London hard fork. This encompassed extensive, fundamental adjustments throughout our architecture, particularly in Py-EVM, Ethereum Tester, <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/ethereum\/web3.py\">Web3.py<!-- --><\/a>, and eth-account. Additionally, two bug bounties were submitted for Py-EVM, which have since been resolved. We have intensified our initiatives to produce educational material and have placed a greater focus on developer relations. As always, community assistance, issue management, and bug fixing are ongoing across our Python utilities.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"chakra-heading css-145upk7\" id=\"fe-lang\">Fe-lang<!-- --><\/h3>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\"><em class=\"chakra-text css-0\">Composed by Grant Wuerker<!-- --><\/em><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">Over the last 6 months, the Fe team has released the following versions:<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\"><strong>0.11.0-alpha \u201cKarlite\u201d (2021-12-02)<!-- --><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<ul role=\"list\" class=\"css-1onhfjo\">\n<li class=\"css-cvpopp\">support for multiple files<!-- --><\/li>\n<li class=\"css-cvpopp\">function definitions within structures<!-- --><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\"><strong>v0.10.0-alpha \u201cJade\u201d (2021-10-32)<!-- --><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<ul role=\"list\" class=\"css-1onhfjo\">\n<li class=\"css-cvpopp\">module-level constants and procedures<!-- --><\/li>\n<li class=\"css-cvpopp\">support for unsafe practices<!-- --><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\"><strong>v0.9.0-alpha \u201cIridium\u201d (2021-9-29)<!-- --><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<ul role=\"list\" class=\"css-1onhfjo\">\n<li class=\"css-cvpopp\">self declarations within function signatures<!-- --><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\"><strong>v0.8.0-alpha \u201cHaxonite\u201d (2021-8-31)<!-- --><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<ul role=\"list\" class=\"css-1onhfjo\">\n<li class=\"css-cvpopp\">analysis based on queries utilizing <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/salsa-rs\/salsa\">Salsa<!-- --><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\"><strong>0.7.0-alpha \u201cGalaxite\u201d (2021-07-27)<!-- --><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<ul role=\"list\" class=\"css-1onhfjo\">\n<li class=\"css-cvpopp\">checks for Solidity ABI decoding<!-- --><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\"><strong>0.6.0-alpha \u201cFeldspar\u201d (2021-06-10)<!-- --><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><br \/>\n<!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">If you wish to gather further details about our advancements over the past 6 months, you can explore the following materials:<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><br \/>\n<!-- --><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"chakra-heading css-145upk7\" id=\"portal\">Portal<!-- --><\/h3>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\"><em class=\"chakra-text css-0\">Composed by Piper Merriam<!-- --><\/em><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">This year has been a significant period for the <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/ethereum\/portal-network-specs\">Portal Network<!-- --><\/a>. We commenced this year with a concept and a rough outline for establishing a peer-to-peer network capable of providing lightweight access to the Ethereum protocol. We now have three autonomous teams and implementations on track to launch the initial testnet, which is expected to develop into a fully operational network by the end of 2022.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">The EF Portal team has been diligently working on <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/ethereum\/trin\/\">Trin<!-- --><\/a>, a portal client developed in Rust. Meanwhile, the EF Javascript team has been focused on <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/ethereumjs\/ultralight\">Ultralight<!-- --><\/a>, a portal client crafted in Typescript designed to be operable in a web browser. The team from <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/status.im\/\">Status.im<!-- --><\/a> has also been developing <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/our.status.im\/nimbus-fluffly\/\">Fluffy<!-- --><\/a>, a portal client aimed at integrating with the Status Ethereum client and wallet solutions.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">Throughout this year, we have addressed the previously unresolved challenge of how to disseminate the current Ethereum State in a way that promotes efficient storage and retrieval. We established the <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/ethereum\/portal-network-specs\/blob\/master\/portal-wire-protocol.md\">Portal Wire Protocol<!-- --><\/a>, a versatile foundational protocol that serves as the cornerstone for all networks comprising the Portal Network. We also had the privilege of collaborating with several participants from the Core Developer Apprenticeship Program who utilized the Portal Network projects as a launchpad for engaging in Core Protocol development.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"chakra-heading css-1w54o5f\" id=\"security-security--consensus-tests\">Security [Security \/ Consensus Tests]<!-- --><\/h2>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\"><em class=\"chakra-text css-0\">Composed by the Security (Security \/ Consensus Tests) Team<!-- --><\/em><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">Regarding security and testing, significant focus has been directed towards the London upgrade and the forthcoming merge. We have improved tools for test composition and continued enhancing the reference tests.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"chakra-heading css-1w54o5f\" id=\"solidity\">Solidity<!-- --><\/h2>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\"><em class=\"chakra-text css-0\">Composed by Franziska Heintel<!-- --><\/em><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">In the latter part of this year, we introduced Solidity versions 0.8.8, 0.8.9, 0.8.10, and 0.8.11:<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<ul role=\"list\" class=\"css-1onhfjo\">\n<li class=\"css-cvpopp\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.soliditylang.org\/2021\/09\/27\/solidity-0.8.8-release-announcement\/\">Solidity 0.8.8<!-- --><\/a> brings you <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.soliditylang.org\/2021\/09\/27\/user-defined-value-types\/\">user-defined value types<!-- --><\/a> as a notable new feature. It also enhances the overriding of interface functions, reading from immutable fields, among others.<!-- --><\/li>\n<li class=\"css-cvpopp\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.soliditylang.org\/2021\/09\/29\/solidity-0.8.9-release-announcement\/\">Solidity 0.8.9<!-- --><\/a> is solely a bugfix release and addresses two significant, albeit low severity, issues:<br \/>\n<!-- --><br \/>\n<!-- --><\/li>\n<li class=\"css-cvpopp\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.soliditylang.org\/2021\/11\/09\/solidity-0.8.10-release-announcement\/\">Solidity 0.8.10<!-- --><\/a> features optimizations for external function calls, activates the new EVM code generator for pure Yul mode, and can report contract invariants and reentrancy characteristics using the SMTChecker.<!-- --><\/li>\n<li class=\"css-cvpopp\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.soliditylang.org\/2021\/12\/20\/solidity-0.8.11-release-announcement\/\">Solidity 0.8.11<!-- --><\/a> introduces a preliminary implementation of a Language Server and provides a more secure method for ABI-encoding.<!-- --><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">Furthermore, several members of the Solidity team presented at ETHGlobal\u2019s Developer Tool Summit:<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><br \/>\n<!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">The Solidity documentation received several enhancements, most significantly, we&#8230;<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!----><\/p>\n<ul role=\"list\" class=\"css-1onhfjo\">\n<li class=\"css-cvpopp\">enhanced the <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.soliditylang.org\/en\/latest\/resources.html\">resources section<!-- --><\/a> with comprehensive materials, Ethereum IDEs, editor integrations, Solidity utilities, Solidity parsers, and grammars.<!-- --><\/li>\n<li class=\"css-cvpopp\">incorporated the capability to <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/solidity_lang\/status\/1456233507538227207?s=20\">launch code examples<!-- --><\/a> within the documentation directly in Remix.<!-- --><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">Finally, we <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.soliditylang.org\/2021\/11\/18\/solidity-developer-survey-2021\/\">introduced<!-- --><\/a> our annual Solidity Developer Survey. If you are involved in Solidity development, <!-- --><em class=\"chakra-text css-0\">kindly take 10 minutes to provide your insights and participate in the survey<!-- --><\/em> <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/forms\/d\/e\/1FAIpQLSc5iacmGfzHfAAgQK3hQVxIXXKMImYbQ5tzi33BiMwaBvhbFQ\/viewform\">here<!-- --><\/a>. The survey will remain open until December 31st, 2021.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\"><em class=\"chakra-text css-0\">Additionally, we\u2019re recruiting!<!-- --><\/em> Check out our <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/ethereum.bamboohr.com\/jobs\/view.php?id=40&amp;source=EFroundup\">C++ Engineer Solidity<!-- --><\/a> vacancy.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"chakra-heading css-1w54o5f\" id=\"zokrates\">ZoKrates<!-- --><\/h2>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\"><em class=\"chakra-text css-0\">Written by Thibaut Schaeffer<!-- --><\/em><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">In the latter half of 2021, ZoKrates made progress across various areas:<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"chakra-heading css-145upk7\" id=\"language\">Language<!-- --><\/h3>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<ul role=\"list\" class=\"css-1onhfjo\">\n<li class=\"css-cvpopp\">Type aliasing, along with the ability to execute function calls in constant declarations<!-- --><\/li>\n<li class=\"css-cvpopp\">Support for the ternary expression syntax<!-- --><\/li>\n<li class=\"css-cvpopp\">Allow constant generics on structures<!-- --><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"chakra-heading css-145upk7\" id=\"proof-systems\">Proof systems<!-- --><\/h3>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<ul role=\"list\" class=\"css-1onhfjo\">\n<li class=\"css-cvpopp\">Reduction of the deployment expenses for several Solidity verifiers<!-- --><\/li>\n<li class=\"css-cvpopp\">Expose recursive verification within the standard library<!-- --><\/li>\n<li class=\"css-cvpopp\">Introduce support for Groth16 MPC ceremonies (coming soon)<!-- --><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"chakra-heading css-145upk7\" id=\"compiler-performance\">Compiler performance<!-- --><\/h3>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<ul role=\"list\" class=\"css-1onhfjo\">\n<li class=\"css-cvpopp\">Significant efforts on minimizing memory and time requirements of the compiler (coming soon with metrics!)<!-- --><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">For a complete overview of the modifications, refer to the <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/Zokrates\/ZoKrates\/blob\/develop\/CHANGELOG.md\">changelog<!-- --><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><script async src=\"\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><br \/>\n<br \/><br \/>\n<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.ethereum.org\/en\/2021\/12\/22\/ef-supported-teams-research-and-development-update-2021-pt-3\">Source link <\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>There is much to appreciate this festive season, from the inaugural anniversary of the beacon chain, to the successful enhancements throughout the past year and the remarkable advancements across the entire Ethereum ecosystem. As an exceptionally fruitful year comes to an end, we have a few final presents to share in the shape of updates<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":6562,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[397],"class_list":["post-6561","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-ethereum","tag-return-a-list-of-comma-separated-tags-from-this-title-ef-supported-teams-research-development-roundup"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Innovations in Motion: A Deep Dive into EF-Backed Research and Development Teams - WSJ-Crypto<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/wsj-crypto.com\/index.php\/2024\/12\/26\/innovations-in-motion-a-deep-dive-into-ef-backed-research-and-development-teams\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"it_IT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Innovations in Motion: A Deep Dive into EF-Backed Research and Development Teams - WSJ-Crypto\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"There is much to appreciate this festive season, from the inaugural anniversary of the beacon chain, to the successful enhancements throughout the past year and the remarkable advancements across the entire Ethereum ecosystem. 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