{"id":5870,"date":"2024-12-08T23:50:47","date_gmt":"2024-12-08T22:50:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wsj-crypto.com\/?p=5870"},"modified":"2024-12-08T23:50:47","modified_gmt":"2024-12-08T22:50:47","slug":"shapella-mainnet-launch-a-new-era-for-ethereum","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wsj-crypto.com\/index.php\/2024\/12\/08\/shapella-mainnet-launch-a-new-era-for-ethereum\/","title":{"rendered":"Shapella Mainnet Launch: A New Era for Ethereum"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div id=\"\">\n<ul role=\"list\" class=\"css-1onhfjo\">\n<li class=\"css-cvpopp\">Withdrawals are approaching! The Shapella network enhancement will be activated on the Ethereum network at epoch <!-- --><span class=\"chakra-text css-ons8vw\">194048<\/span>, set for 22:27:35 UTC on April 12, 2023<!-- --><\/li>\n<li class=\"css-cvpopp\">Stakers &amp; node operators are encouraged to review this article as well as the <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/notes.ethereum.org\/@launchpad\/withdrawals-faq\">Withdrawals FAQ<!-- --><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"css-cvpopp\">Until April 5th, the <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/ethereum.org\/en\/bug-bounty\/\">Ethereum Bug Bounty<!-- --><\/a> rewards have been increased for vulnerabilities related to Shapella<!-- --><\/li>\n<li class=\"css-cvpopp\">You may now register to receive email updates regarding these upgrade announcements. <!-- --><a class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"http:\/\/blog.ethereum.org\/2023\/03\/28\/shapella-mainnet-announcement#subscribe\">Scroll to the bottom of the page<!-- --><\/a> to complete this \ud83d\udce9<!-- --><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<hr aria-orientation=\"horizontal\" class=\"chakra-divider css-1e6gg7n\"\/>\n<!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">Following a seamless <!-- --><a class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.ethereum.org\/2023\/03\/08\/goerli-shapella-announcement\">Goerli transition<!-- --><\/a>, client teams have set the Shapella upgrade to activate on the mainnet. A consensus was quickly established on an April 12th date during the <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/ethereum\/pm\/issues\/737\">157th AllCoreDevs Execution Layer meeting<!-- --><\/a>.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">This upgrade follows <!-- --><a class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.ethereum.org\/2022\/08\/24\/mainnet-merge-announcement\">The Merge<!-- --><\/a> and allows validators to withdraw their stake from the Beacon Chain back to the execution layer. It also brings new features to both the execution and consensus layers, as detailed below.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"chakra-heading css-1w54o5f\" id=\"upgrade-specification\">Upgrade Specification<!-- --><\/h2>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">The Shapella upgrade consists of modifications to the execution layer (Shanghai), consensus layer (Capella), and the Engine API.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"chakra-heading css-145upk7\" id=\"shanghai\">Shanghai<!-- --><\/h3>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">Changes to the execution layer included in Shanghai can be accessed <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/ethereum\/execution-specs\/blob\/master\/network-upgrades\/mainnet-upgrades\/shanghai.md\">here<!-- --><\/a>. For your reference, they include:<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><br \/>\n<!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">Please note that EIP-6049 represents only a deprecation <!-- --><strong>notification<!-- --><\/strong>. Client teams anticipate that <!-- --><span class=\"chakra-text css-ons8vw\">SELFDESTRUCT<\/span> semantics may evolve in future network upgrades, but the opcode&#8217;s function remains unchanged in Shanghai.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">Moreover, the complete set of Shanghai changes can now be reviewed in the <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/ethereum.github.io\/execution-specs\/diffs\/paris_shanghai.html\">Ethereum Execution Layer Specification (EELS)<!-- --><\/a>, which serves as a new Python reference implementation for the execution layer.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"chakra-heading css-145upk7\" id=\"capella\">Capella<!-- --><\/h3>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">Modifications to the consensus layer for the Capella upgrade are outlined in the <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/ethereum\/consensus-specs\/releases\/tag\/v1.3.0-rc.5\">v1.3.0-rc.5 specifications<!-- --><\/a>. The <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/ethereum\/consensus-specs\/blob\/e923c62aeb9facc055819b0e475ed8215a96c013\/README.md#stable-specifications\">README<!-- --><\/a> provides a comprehensive list of modifications. At a high level, the upgrade incorporates:<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<ul role=\"list\" class=\"css-1onhfjo\">\n<li class=\"css-cvpopp\">Complete and partial withdrawals for validators<!-- --><\/li>\n<li class=\"css-cvpopp\"><span class=\"chakra-text css-ons8vw\">BLSToExecutionChange<\/span> messages, which permit validators utilizing a <!-- --><span class=\"chakra-text css-ons8vw\">BLS_WITHDRAWAL_PREFIX<\/span> to transition it to an <!-- --><span class=\"chakra-text css-ons8vw\">ETH1_ADDRESS_WITHDRAWAL_PREFIX<\/span>, a prerequisite for withdrawals<!-- --><\/li>\n<li class=\"css-cvpopp\">Separate state and block historical accumulators, replacing the original singular historical roots<!-- --><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">Stakers are advised to consult the <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/notes.ethereum.org\/@launchpad\/withdrawals-faq\">Withdrawal FAQ<!-- --><\/a> for additional guidance on how to prepare for Capella.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"chakra-heading css-145upk7\" id=\"engine-api\">Engine API<!-- --><\/h3>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">Modifications to the Engine API can be located in the <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/ethereum\/execution-apis\/blob\/main\/src\/engine\/shanghai.md\"><span class=\"chakra-text css-ons8vw\">shanghai.md<\/span><\/a> of the <!-- --><span class=\"chakra-text css-ons8vw\">execution-apis<\/span> repository. In summary, a <!-- --><span class=\"chakra-text css-ons8vw\">WithdrawalV1<\/span> structure is introduced and integrated into relevant structures and methods. Modifications to execution layer APIs since The Merge have been compiled in the repository&#8217;s <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/ethereum\/execution-apis\/releases\/tag\/v1.0.0-beta.3\">latest release<!-- --><\/a>.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"chakra-heading css-1w54o5f\" id=\"client-releases\">Client Releases<!-- --><\/h2>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">The clients listed below provide support for Shanghai &amp; Capella on the Ethereum mainnet. Previous Shapella releases were limited to testnet implementations and are <!-- --><strong>not<!-- --><\/strong> suitable for the mainnet upgrade.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">When determining which client to operate, validators should pay particular attention to the risks of utilizing a majority client on both the execution layer (EL) and consensus layer (CL). An explanation of these risks and their implications can be found <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/dankradfeist.de\/ethereum\/2022\/03\/24\/run-the-majority-client-at-your-own-peril.html\">here<!-- --><\/a>. An assessment of current EL and CL client distribution and instructions for transitioning from one client to another can be accessed <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/clientdiversity.org\/\">here<!-- --><\/a>.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"chakra-heading css-1u9mv6z\" id=\"consensus-layer-mainnet-releases\">Consensus Layer Mainnet Releases<!-- --><\/h4>\n<p><!-- --><br \/>\n<!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">Note: when operating a validator, both the Consensus Layer Beacon Node and Validator Client must be updated.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"chakra-heading css-1u9mv6z\" id=\"execution-layer-mainnet-releases\">Execution Layer Mainnet Releases<!-- --><\/h4>\n<p><!-- --><br \/>\n<!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\"><strong>Note<!-- --><\/strong>: a problem has been detected in Erigon v2.41.0. This release will <!-- --><strong>not<!-- --><\/strong> be appropriate for the Shapella upgrade. Erigon users should upgrade to v2.42.0.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"chakra-heading css-1w54o5f\" id=\"faq\">FAQ<!-- --><\/h2>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"chakra-heading css-145upk7\" id=\"as-an-ethereum-user-or-ether-holder-is-there-anything-i-need-to-do\">As an Ethereum user or Ether holder, is there anything I should do?<!-- --><\/h3>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">In brief, no.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">If you utilize an exchange, digital wallet, or hardware wallet, you do not need to take any actions unless instructed to do so by your exchange or wallet provider.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">If you operate your own Ethereum node, refer to the next question.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"chakra-heading css-145upk7\" id=\"as-a-non-staking-node-operator-what-do-i-need-to-do\">As a non-staking node operator, what do I need to do?<!-- --><\/h3>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">To ensure compatibility with the Mainnet upgrade, upgrade your node to the specified version of your Ethereum client mentioned in the table above.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"chakra-heading css-145upk7\" id=\"as-a-staker-what-do-i-need-to-do\">As a staker, what do I need to do?<!-- --><\/h3>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">To maintain compatibility with the Mainnet upgrade, update your node to the version of your Ethereum client mentioned in the table above. <!-- --><strong>Ensure that both your beacon node and validator client are updated!<!-- --><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">We also suggest reviewing the <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/notes.ethereum.org\/@launchpad\/withdrawals-faq\">Withdrawal FAQ<!-- --><\/a>.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"chakra-heading css-145upk7\" id=\"what-happens-if-i-am-a-staker-or-node-operator-and-i-do-not-participate-in-the-upgrade\">What occurs if I am a staker or node operator and I do not engage in the upgrade?<!-- --><\/h3>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">If you are utilizing an Ethereum client that has not been updated to the latest version (as listed above), your client will synchronize with the pre-fork blockchain once the upgrade is enacted.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">You will remain on an incompatible chain adhering to the old regulations and will be unable to send Ether or function on the post-Shapella Ethereum network.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"chakra-heading css-145upk7\" id=\"as-an-application-or-tooling-developer-what-should-i-do\">As an application or tooling developer, what should I do?<!-- --><\/h3>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">Shapella does not introduce disruptive changes for smart contracts. Application and tooling developers should evaluate the upgrade modifications to ensure any necessary corrections are performed, or to comprehend how to apply newly introduced features.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">That being said, application developers should note that as of Shanghai, the <!-- --><span class=\"chakra-text css-ons8vw\">SELFDESTRUCT<\/span> opcode is deemed deprecated. Although its semantics do not alter as a part of this network upgrade, they are likely to change in future upgrades. Refer to <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/eips.ethereum.org\/EIPS\/eip-6049\">EIP-6049<!-- --><\/a> for further details.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"chakra-heading css-145upk7\" id=\"why-shapella\">Why is it termed &#8220;Shapella&#8221;?<!-- --><\/h3>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">Upgrades to the execution layer correspond to Devcon city names, while those to the consensus layer correspond to star names. &#8220;Shapella&#8221; merges Shanghai, the venue of Devcon 2, and Capella, the most luminescent star in the northern constellation of Auriga.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"chakra-heading css-145upk7\" id=\"where-can-i-watch-shapella-go-live\">Where can I observe Shapella going live?<!-- --><\/h3>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/ethstaker.cc\/\">EthStaker<!-- --><\/a> &amp; <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ethereumcatherders.com\/\">Ethereum Cat Herders<!-- --><\/a> are hosting a Shapella viewing party, commencing shortly before the upgrade is activated. You can join in <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/youtube.com\/live\/BVq1pz3FrDo\">here<!-- --><\/a>.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<hr aria-orientation=\"horizontal\" class=\"chakra-divider css-1e6gg7n\"\/>\n<!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">Thanks to everyone who played a part in the Shapella upgrade, and to all the stakers &#8211; both seasoned and new &#8211; who contributed to securing what are still the early stages of proof-of-stake Ethereum!<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<hr aria-orientation=\"horizontal\" class=\"chakra-divider css-1e6gg7n\"\/>\n<!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">Cover image originally by <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/unsplash.com\/@yiranding\">Yiran Ding<!-- --><\/a>, modified by <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/tomosaito\">Tomo Saito<!-- --><\/a>.<!-- --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><script async src=\"\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><br \/>\n<br \/><br \/>\n<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.ethereum.org\/en\/2023\/03\/28\/shapella-mainnet-announcement\">Source link <\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Withdrawals are approaching! The Shapella network enhancement will be activated on the Ethereum network at epoch 194048, set for 22:27:35 UTC on April 12, 2023 Stakers &amp; node operators are encouraged to review this article as well as the Withdrawals FAQ Until April 5th, the Ethereum Bug Bounty rewards have been increased for vulnerabilities related<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":5871,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[346],"class_list":{"0":"post-5870","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-ethereum","8":"tag-return-a-list-of-comma-separated-tags-from-this-title-mainnet-shapella-announcement-ethereum-foundation-blog"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Shapella Mainnet Launch: A New Era for Ethereum - WSJ-Crypto<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/wsj-crypto.com\/index.php\/2024\/12\/08\/shapella-mainnet-launch-a-new-era-for-ethereum\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"it_IT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Shapella Mainnet Launch: A New Era for Ethereum - WSJ-Crypto\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Withdrawals are approaching! The Shapella network enhancement will be activated on the Ethereum network at epoch 194048, set for 22:27:35 UTC on April 12, 2023 Stakers &amp; node operators are encouraged to review this article as well as the Withdrawals FAQ Until April 5th, the Ethereum Bug Bounty rewards have been increased for vulnerabilities related\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/wsj-crypto.com\/index.php\/2024\/12\/08\/shapella-mainnet-launch-a-new-era-for-ethereum\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"WSJ-Crypto\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-12-08T22:50:47+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/wsj-crypto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/upload_5fc486ebf659fc2e64c38f805468f54c.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2100\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"900\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"wsjcrypto\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Scritto da\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"wsjcrypto\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tempo di lettura stimato\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minuti\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/wsj-crypto.com\/index.php\/2024\/12\/08\/shapella-mainnet-launch-a-new-era-for-ethereum\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/wsj-crypto.com\/index.php\/2024\/12\/08\/shapella-mainnet-launch-a-new-era-for-ethereum\/\",\"name\":\"Shapella Mainnet Launch: A New Era for Ethereum - 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