{"id":16415,"date":"2025-09-27T00:48:48","date_gmt":"2025-09-26T22:48:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wsj-crypto.com\/?p=16415"},"modified":"2025-09-27T00:48:48","modified_gmt":"2025-09-26T22:48:48","slug":"unveiling-the-fusaka-testnet-a-new-era-in-ethereum-development","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wsj-crypto.com\/index.php\/2025\/09\/27\/unveiling-the-fusaka-testnet-a-new-era-in-ethereum-development\/","title":{"rendered":"Unveiling the Fusaka Testnet: A New Era in Ethereum Development"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> &#8220;`html<\/p>\n<div id=\"\">\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">Fusaka aligns with this year&#8217;s <!-- --><a class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.ethereum.org\/2025\/02\/14\/pectra-testnet-announcement\">Pectra enhancement<!-- --><\/a>, signifying a significant advancement in Ethereum&#8217;s scaling strategy by introducing PeerDAS along with critical enhancements that improve blob throughput, L1 efficiency, and user interaction.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">This article reveals the testing network activation timetable for the initial three testnets, commencing with Holesky at slot <!-- --><span class=\"chakra-text css-ons8vw\">5,283,840<\/span> (October 1, 2025, 08:48:00 UTC). Refer to the <!-- --><a class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"http:\/\/blog.ethereum.org\/2025\/09\/26\/fusaka-testnet-announcement#fusaka-activation\">activation schedule<!-- --><\/a> below for the full timelines for Sepolia and Hoodi. Fusaka also introduces Blob Parameter Only (BPO) forks to securely scale blob throughput following the activation of PeerDAS. These are minimal, configuration-only upgrades that modify the blob target\/max and fee update fraction.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">The Fusaka testnet client versions are detailed <!-- --><a class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"http:\/\/blog.ethereum.org\/2025\/09\/26\/fusaka-testnet-announcement#client-releases\">below<!-- --><\/a>. Once all three testnets have been upgraded successfully, a mainnet activation slot will be selected.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"chakra-heading group css-5wg09l\" id=\"fusaka-overview\" data-group=\"true\"><a class=\"chakra-link css-njp5m2\" aria-label=\"fusaka overview permalink\" href=\"#fusaka-overview\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"chakra-icon css-173jpr1\"><g fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M10.458,18.374,7.721,21.11a2.853,2.853,0,0,1-3.942,0l-.892-.891a2.787,2.787,0,0,1,0-3.941l5.8-5.8a2.789,2.789,0,0,1,3.942,0l.893.892A1,1,0,0,0,14.94,9.952l-.893-.892a4.791,4.791,0,0,0-6.771,0l-5.8,5.8a4.787,4.787,0,0,0,0,6.77l.892.891a4.785,4.785,0,0,0,6.771,0l2.736-2.735a1,1,0,1,0-1.414-1.415Z\"\/><path d=\"M22.526,2.363l-.892-.892a4.8,4.8,0,0,0-6.77,0l-2.905,2.9a1,1,0,0,0,1.414,1.414l2.9-2.9a2.79,2.79,0,0,1,3.941,0l.893.893a2.786,2.786,0,0,1,0,3.942l-5.8,5.8a2.769,2.769,0,0,1-1.971.817h0a2.766,2.766,0,0,1-1.969-.816,1,1,0,1,0-1.415,1.412,4.751,4.751,0,0,0,3.384,1.4h0a4.752,4.752,0,0,0,3.385-1.4l5.8-5.8a4.786,4.786,0,0,0,0-6.771Z\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/a>Fusaka Summary<!-- --><\/h2>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">Fusaka&#8217;s flagship EIP is PeerDAS (Peer Data Availability Sampling), which facilitates considerable blob throughput scaling. The upgrade additionally encompasses enhancements across execution and consensus layers to boost L1 performance and enrich user experience. This article outlines the key enhancements. For a more thorough overview, refer to <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/ethereum.org\/roadmap\/fusaka\/\">ethereum.org&#8217;s overview of the upgrade<!-- --><\/a>.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"chakra-heading group css-1i77wkk\" id=\"scale-blobs-peerdas\" data-group=\"true\"><a class=\"chakra-link css-njp5m2\" aria-label=\"scale blobs peerdas permalink\" href=\"#scale-blobs-peerdas\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"chakra-icon css-173jpr1\"><g fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M10.458,18.374,7.721,21.11a2.853,2.853,0,0,1-3.942,0l-.892-.891a2.787,2.787,0,0,1,0-3.941l5.8-5.8a2.789,2.789,0,0,1,3.942,0l.893.892A1,1,0,0,0,14.94,9.952l-.893-.892a4.791,4.791,0,0,0-6.771,0l-5.8,5.8a4.787,4.787,0,0,0,0,6.77l.892.891a4.785,4.785,0,0,0,6.771,0l2.736-2.735a1,1,0,1,0-1.414-1.415Z\"\/><path d=\"M22.526,2.363l-.892-.892a4.8,4.8,0,0,0-6.77,0l-2.905,2.9a1,1,0,0,0,1.414,1.414l2.9-2.9a2.79,2.79,0,0,1,3.941,0l.893.893a2.786,2.786,0,0,1,0,3.942l-5.8,5.8a2.769,2.769,0,0,1-1.971.817h0a2.766,2.766,0,0,1-1.969-.816,1,1,0,1,0-1.415,1.412,4.751,4.751,0,0,0,3.384,1.4h0a4.752,4.752,0,0,0,3.385-1.4l5.8-5.8a4.786,4.786,0,0,0,0-6.771Z\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/a>Blob Scaling: PeerDAS<!-- --><\/h3>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/eips.ethereum.org\/EIPS\/eip-7594\">EIP-7594<!-- --><\/a> presents PeerDAS, a novel networking protocol that permits nodes to verify the availability of blob data through sampling instead of downloading entire blobs. This is a pivotal move toward increased blob throughput while preserving Ethereum&#8217;s security and decentralization.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">Following the <!-- --><a class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.ethereum.org\/2024\/02\/27\/dencun-mainnet-announcement\">Dencun upgrade<!-- --><\/a>, layer 2 usage has surged significantly, frequently reaching the current limitation of 9 blobs per block. PeerDAS empowers Ethereum to expand this limit without compromising security. It does this by employing erasure coding, enabling nodes to sample segments of blob data while still cryptographically ensuring that the complete data is accessible across the network. This paves the way for higher blob targets mentioned in Ethereum&#8217;s <!-- --><a class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.ethereum.org\/2025\/04\/28\/next-chapter\">scaling plan<!-- --><\/a>.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">This sampling methodology directly aids layer 2 rollups by facilitating higher blob throughput without proportionately escalating bandwidth demands for individual nodes. As blob capacity expands beyond current limitations, L2 transaction fees can further diminish while retaining the security assurances of data availability on Ethereum L1.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">To safely boost blob throughput after the activation of PeerDAS, Ethereum will implement Blob-Parameter-Only (BPO) forks. Fusaka includes two scheduled BPO parameter modifications on Holesky starting October 7, 2025, with analogous schedules for other testnets. These BPOs will elevate the per-block blob target and maximum from 6 &amp; 9 respectively to 10 &amp; 15 in BPO1 and 14 &amp; 21 in BPO2.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"chakra-heading group css-1i77wkk\" id=\"scale-l1\" data-group=\"true\"><a class=\"chakra-link css-njp5m2\" aria-label=\"scale l1 permalink\" href=\"#scale-l1\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"chakra-icon css-173jpr1\"><g fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M10.458,18.374,7.721,21.11a2.853,2.853,0,0,1-3.942,0l-.892-.891a2.787,2.787,0,0,1,0-3.941l5.8-5.8a2.789,2.789,0,0,1,3.942,0l.893.892A1,1,0,0,0,14.94,9.952l-.893-.892a4.791,4.791,0,0,0-6.771,0l-5.8,5.8a4.787,4.787,0,0,0,0,6.77l.892.891a4.785,4.785,0,0,0,6.771,0l2.736-2.735a1,1,0,1,0-1.414-1.415Z\"\/><path d=\"M22.526,2.363l-.892-.892a4.8,4.8,0,0,0-6.77,0l-2.905,2.9a1,1,0,0,0,1.414,1.414l2.9-2.9a2.79,2.79,0,0,1,3.941,0l.893.893a2.786,2.786,0,0,1,0,3.942l-5.8,5.8a2.769,2.769,0,0,1-1.971.817h0a2.766,2.766,0,0,1-1.969-.816,1,1,0,1,0-1.415,1.412,4.751,4.751,0,0,0,3.384,1.4h0a4.752,4.752,0,0,0,3.385-1.4l5.8-5.8a4.786,4.786,0,0,0,0-6.771Z\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/a>Boost L1<!-- --><\/h3>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\"><strong>ModExp Enhancement<!-- --><\/strong><br \/>\n<!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/eips.ethereum.org\/EIPS\/eip-7883\">EIP-7883<!-- --><\/a> and <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/eips.ethereum.org\/EIPS\/eip-7823\">EIP-7823<!-- --><\/a> collaborate to optimize the ModExp precompile. EIP-7883 raises gas fees to more accurately depict computational complexity, including increasing minimum gas costs and tripling general cost calculations. EIP-7823 establishes upper limits for ModExp operations. Collectively, these modifications ensure that resource-heavy cryptographic processes are properly priced and assist potential future increases in block gas limits.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\"><strong>Transaction Gas Limit Ceiling<!-- --><\/strong><br \/>\n<!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/eips.ethereum.org\/EIPS\/eip-7825\">EIP-7825<!-- --><\/a> executes a protocol-level<br \/>\n&#8220;&#8220;&#8220;html<\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\"> transaction gas limit threshold of 16,777,216 gas, inhibiting individual transactions from utilizing an excessive block gas and safeguarding against DoS attacks. This establishes the foundation for concurrent transaction processing within the EVM.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\"><strong>Network Protocol Refinement<!-- --><\/strong><br \/>\n<!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/eips.ethereum.org\/EIPS\/eip-7642\">EIP-7642<!-- --><\/a> presents eth\/69, which eliminates pre-merge fields and the receipt Bloom from the network protocol. This streamlining minimizes synchronization bandwidth needs, introduces a clear history serving period for nodes to proclaim and optimizes the codebase by discarding outdated components that are no longer requisite post-merge.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\"><strong>Gas Limit Enhancement<!-- --><\/strong><br \/>\n<!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/eips.ethereum.org\/EIPS\/eip-7935\">EIP-7935<!-- --><\/a> elevates Ethereum&#8217;s standard gas limit to 60MM, reflecting the gas limit that core developers believe Ethereum L1 can securely accommodate. This augmentation fosters increased L1 execution capability and has undergone extensive testing across various client combinations to guarantee network stability and security.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">In addition to these performance enhancements, Fusaka further improves the user and developer interactions with several focused upgrades.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"chakra-heading group css-1i77wkk\" id=\"improve-ux\" data-group=\"true\"><a class=\"chakra-link css-njp5m2\" aria-label=\"improve ux permalink\" href=\"#improve-ux\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"chakra-icon css-173jpr1\"><g fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M10.458,18.374,7.721,21.11a2.853,2.853,0,0,1-3.942,0l-.892-.891a2.787,2.787,0,0,1,0-3.941l5.8-5.8a2.789,2.789,0,0,1,3.942,0l.893.892A1,1,0,0,0,14.94,9.952l-.893-.892a4.791,4.791,0,0,0-6.771,0l-5.8,5.8a4.787,4.787,0,0,0,0,6.77l.892.891a4.785,4.785,0,0,0,6.771,0l2.736-2.735a1,1,0,1,0-1.414-1.415Z\"\/><path d=\"M22.526,2.363l-.892-.892a4.8,4.8,0,0,0-6.77,0l-2.905,2.9a1,1,0,0,0,1.414,1.414l2.9-2.9a2.79,2.79,0,0,1,3.941,0l.893.893a2.786,2.786,0,0,1,0,3.942l-5.8,5.8a2.769,2.769,0,0,1-1.971.817h0a2.766,2.766,0,0,1-1.969-.816,1,1,0,1,0-1.415,1.412,4.751,4.751,0,0,0,3.384,1.4h0a4.752,4.752,0,0,0,3.385-1.4l5.8-5.8a4.786,4.786,0,0,0,0-6.771Z\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/a>Enhance UX<!-- --><\/h3>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\"><strong>secp256r1 Precompile<!-- --><\/strong><br \/>\n<!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/eips.ethereum.org\/EIPS\/eip-7951\">EIP-7951<!-- --><\/a> incorporates indigenous support for the secp256r1 elliptic curve via a novel precompiled contract. This permits direct integration with contemporary secure hardware such as Apple Secure Enclave, Android Keystore, and FIDO2\/WebAuthn devices, lessening friction for widespread blockchain acceptance through familiar authentication processes.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\"><strong>Count Leading Zeros Opcode<!-- --><\/strong><br \/>\n<!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/eips.ethereum.org\/EIPS\/eip-7939\">EIP-7939<!-- --><\/a> presents the CLZ (Count Leading Zeros) opcode, offering a native, gas-efficient approach to execute essential bit-counting tasks. This addition supports mathematical activities, compression techniques, and post-quantum signature systems while lowering ZK proving expenses.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"chakra-heading group css-5wg09l\" id=\"fusaka-specifications\" data-group=\"true\"><a class=\"chakra-link css-njp5m2\" aria-label=\"fusaka specifications permalink\" href=\"#fusaka-specifications\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"chakra-icon css-173jpr1\"><g fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M10.458,18.374,7.721,21.11a2.853,2.853,0,0,1-3.942,0l-.892-.891a2.787,2.787,0,0,1,0-3.941l5.8-5.8a2.789,2.789,0,0,1,3.942,0l.893.892A1,1,0,0,0,14.94,9.952l-.893-.892a4.791,4.791,0,0,0-6.771,0l-5.8,5.8a4.787,4.787,0,0,0,0,6.77l.892.891a4.785,4.785,0,0,0,6.771,0l2.736-2.735a1,1,0,1,0-1.414-1.415Z\"\/><path d=\"M22.526,2.363l-.892-.892a4.8,4.8,0,0,0-6.77,0l-2.905,2.9a1,1,0,0,0,1.414,1.414l2.9-2.9a2.79,2.79,0,0,1,3.941,0l.893.893a2.786,2.786,0,0,1,0,3.942l-5.8,5.8a2.769,2.769,0,0,1-1.971.817h0a2.766,2.766,0,0,1-1.969-.816,1,1,0,1,0-1.415,1.412,4.751,4.751,0,0,0,3.384,1.4h0a4.752,4.752,0,0,0,3.385-1.4l5.8-5.8a4.786,4.786,0,0,0,0-6.771Z\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/a>Fusaka Specifications<!-- --><\/h2>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">The exhaustive list of modifications instituted in Fusaka is available in <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/eips.ethereum.org\/EIPS\/eip-7607\">EIP-7607<!-- --><\/a>. The principal EIPs encompass:<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><br \/>\n<!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">Additional supporting EIPs:<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><br \/>\n<!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">Comprehensive specifications for the execution and consensus layer adjustments can be found in the subsequent releases:<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><br \/>\n<!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">Fusaka also brings forth modifications to the Engine API employed for interaction between consensus and execution layer nodes. These are delineated in the <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/ethereum\/execution-apis\/blob\/main\/src\/engine\/osaka.md\"><span class=\"chakra-text css-ons8vw\">osaka<\/span> file of the execution-apis repository<!-- --><\/a>.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"chakra-heading group css-5wg09l\" id=\"fusaka-security\" data-group=\"true\"><a class=\"chakra-link css-njp5m2\" aria-label=\"fusaka security permalink\" href=\"#fusaka-security\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"chakra-icon css-173jpr1\"><g fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M10.458,18.374,7.721,21.11a2.853,2.853,0,0,1-3.942,0l-.892-.891a2.787,2.787,0,0,1,0-3.941l5.8-5.8a2.789,2.789,0,0,1,3.942,0l.893.892A1,1,0,0,0,14.94,9.952l-.893-.892a4.791,4.791,0,0,0-6.771,0l-5.8,5.8a4.787,4.787,0,0,0,0,6.77l.892.891a4.785,4.785,0,0,0,6.771,0l2.736-2.735a1,1,0,1,0-1.414-1.415Z\"\/><path d=\"M22.526,2.363l-.892-.892a4.8,4.8,0,0,0-6.77,0l-2.905,2.9a1,1,0,0,0,1.414,1.414l2.9-2.9a2.79,2.79,0,0,1,3.941,0l.893.893a2.786,2.786,0,0,1,0,3.942l-5.8,5.8a2.769,2.769,0,0,1-1.971.817h0a2.766,2.766,0,0,1-1.969-.816,1,1,0,1,0-1.415,1.412,4.751,4.751,0,0,0,3.384,1.4h0a4.752,4.752,0,0,0,3.385-1.4l5.8-5.8a4.786,4.786,0,0,0,0-6.771Z\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/a>Fusaka Security<!-- --><\/h2>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">Security analysts can engage in the <!-- --><a class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.ethereum.org\/2025\/09\/15\/fusaka-audit-content\">Fusaka audit competition<!-- --><\/a> to assist in identifying potential vulnerabilities prior to mainnet deployment.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"chakra-heading group css-5wg09l\" id=\"fusaka-activation\" data-group=\"true\"><a class=\"chakra-link css-njp5m2\" aria-label=\"fusaka activation permalink\" href=\"#fusaka-activation\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"chakra-icon css-173jpr1\"><g fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M10.458,18.374,7.721,21.11a2.853,2.853,0,0,1-3.942,0l-.892-.891a2.787,2.787,0,0,1,0-3.941l5.8-5.8a2.789,2.789,0,0,1,3.942,0l.893.892A1,1,0,0,0,14.94,9.952l-.893-.892a4.791,4.791,0,0,0-6.771,0l-5.8,5.8a4.787,4.787,0,0,0,0,6.77l.892.891a4.785,4.785,0,0,0,6.771,0l2.736-2.735a1,1,0,1,0-1.414-1.415Z\"\/><path d=\"M22.526,2.363l-.892-.892a4.8,4.8,0,0,0-6.77,0l-2.905,2.9a1,1,0,0,0,1.414,1.414l2.9-2.9a2.79,2.79,0,0,1,3.941,0l.893.893a2.786,2.786,0,0,1,0,3.942l-5.8,5.8a2.769,2.769,0,0,1-1.971.817h0a2.766,2.766,0,0,1-1.969-.816,1,1,0,1,0-1.415,1.412,4.751,4.751,0,0,0,3.384,1.4h0a4.752,4.752,0,0,0,3.385-1.4l5.8-5.8a4.786,4.786,0,0,0,0-6.771Z\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/a>Fusaka Activation<!-- --><\/h2>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">The Fusaka network upgrade is scheduled to activate on Holesky, Sepolia, and Hoodi testnets as follows:<!-- --><\/p>\n<p>&#8220;&#8220;&#8220;html<\/p>\n<div class=\"css-ylxp7t\">\n<table role=\"table\" class=\"chakra-table css-nz8z8i\">\n<thead node=\"[object Object]\" class=\"css-0\">\n<tr role=\"row\" class=\"css-0\">\n<th class=\"css-aqvfe2\">Network<!-- --><\/th>\n<th class=\"css-aqvfe2\">Slot<!-- --><\/th>\n<th class=\"css-aqvfe2\">UTC Time<!-- --><\/th>\n<th class=\"css-aqvfe2\">UNIX Timestamp<!-- --><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody node=\"[object Object]\" class=\"css-i54j9x\">\n<tr role=\"row\" class=\"css-0\">\n<td role=\"gridcell\" class=\"css-19nu0k5\"><strong>Holesky<!-- --><\/strong><\/td>\n<td role=\"gridcell\" class=\"css-19nu0k5\"><span class=\"chakra-text css-ons8vw\">5,283,840<\/span><\/td>\n<td role=\"gridcell\" class=\"css-19nu0k5\">2025-10-01 08:48:00<!-- --><\/td>\n<td role=\"gridcell\" class=\"css-19nu0k5\"><span class=\"chakra-text css-ons8vw\">1759308480<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr role=\"row\" class=\"css-0\">\n<td role=\"gridcell\" class=\"css-19nu0k5\"><strong>Sepolia<!-- --><\/strong><\/td>\n<td role=\"gridcell\" class=\"css-19nu0k5\"><span class=\"chakra-text css-ons8vw\">8,724,480<\/span><\/td>\n<td role=\"gridcell\" class=\"css-19nu0k5\">2025-10-14 07:36:00<!-- --><\/td>\n<td role=\"gridcell\" class=\"css-19nu0k5\"><span class=\"chakra-text css-ons8vw\">1760427360<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr role=\"row\" class=\"css-0\">\n<td role=\"gridcell\" class=\"css-19nu0k5\"><strong>Hoodi<!-- --><\/strong><\/td>\n<td role=\"gridcell\" class=\"css-19nu0k5\"><span class=\"chakra-text css-ons8vw\">1,622,016<\/span><\/td>\n<td role=\"gridcell\" class=\"css-19nu0k5\">2025-10-28 18:53:12<!-- --><\/td>\n<td role=\"gridcell\" class=\"css-19nu0k5\"><span class=\"chakra-text css-ons8vw\">1761677592<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\"><a class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.ethereum.org\/2025\/09\/01\/holesky-shutdown-announcement\">As previously stated<!-- --><\/a>, please be informed that Fusaka will be the final network enhancement launched on Holesky. It will be deactivated soon after the enhancement is applied to it.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"chakra-heading group css-1i77wkk\" id=\"blob-parameter-only-bpo-fork-schedule\" data-group=\"true\"><a class=\"chakra-link css-njp5m2\" aria-label=\"blob parameter only bpo fork schedule permalink\" href=\"#blob-parameter-only-bpo-fork-schedule\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"chakra-icon css-173jpr1\"><g fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M10.458,18.374,7.721,21.11a2.853,2.853,0,0,1-3.942,0l-.892-.891a2.787,2.787,0,0,1,0-3.941l5.8-5.8a2.789,2.789,0,0,1,3.942,0l.893.892A1,1,0,0,0,14.94,9.952l-.893-.892a4.791,4.791,0,0,0-6.771,0l-5.8,5.8a4.787,4.787,0,0,0,0,6.77l.892.891a4.785,4.785,0,0,0,6.771,0l2.736-2.735a1,1,0,1,0-1.414-1.415Z\"\/><path d=\"M22.526,2.363l-.892-.892a4.8,4.8,0,0,0-6.77,0l-2.905,2.9a1,1,0,0,0,1.414,1.414l2.9-2.9a2.79,2.79,0,0,1,3.941,0l.893.893a2.786,2.786,0,0,1,0,3.942l-5.8,5.8a2.769,2.769,0,0,1-1.971.817h0a2.766,2.766,0,0,1-1.969-.816,1,1,0,1,0-1.415,1.412,4.751,4.751,0,0,0,3.384,1.4h0a4.752,4.752,0,0,0,3.385-1.4l5.8-5.8a4.786,4.786,0,0,0,0-6.771Z\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/a>Blob Parameter Only (BPO) Fork Schedule<!-- --><\/h3>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">Subsequent to the main Fusaka activation, the network will execute Blob Parameter Only forks to systematically enhance blob throughput. BPO1 will raise the per-block blob target and maximum to 10 &amp; 15 respectively. BPO2 will further lift the target to 14 and maximum to 21.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"chakra-heading group css-2ue5ut\" id=\"holesky-bpo-schedule\" data-group=\"true\"><a class=\"chakra-link css-njp5m2\" aria-label=\"holesky bpo schedule permalink\" href=\"#holesky-bpo-schedule\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"chakra-icon css-173jpr1\"><g fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M10.458,18.374,7.721,21.11a2.853,2.853,0,0,1-3.942,0l-.892-.891a2.787,2.787,0,0,1,0-3.941l5.8-5.8a2.789,2.789,0,0,1,3.942,0l.893.892A1,1,0,0,0,14.94,9.952l-.893-.892a4.791,4.791,0,0,0-6.771,0l-5.8,5.8a4.787,4.787,0,0,0,0,6.77l.892.891a4.785,4.785,0,0,0,6.771,0l2.736-2.735a1,1,0,1,0-1.414-1.415Z\"\/><path d=\"M22.526,2.363l-.892-.892a4.8,4.8,0,0,0-6.77,0l-2.905,2.9a1,1,0,0,0,1.414,1.414l2.9-2.9a2.79,2.79,0,0,1,3.941,0l.893.893a2.786,2.786,0,0,1,0,3.942l-5.8,5.8a2.769,2.769,0,0,1-1.971.817h0a2.766,2.766,0,0,1-1.969-.816,1,1,0,1,0-1.415,1.412,4.751,4.751,0,0,0,3.384,1.4h0a4.752,4.752,0,0,0,3.385-1.4l5.8-5.8a4.786,4.786,0,0,0,0-6.771Z\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/a>Holesky BPO Schedule<!-- --><\/h4>\n<div class=\"css-ylxp7t\">\n<table role=\"table\" class=\"chakra-table css-nz8z8i\">\n<thead node=\"[object Object]\" class=\"css-0\">\n<tr role=\"row\" class=\"css-0\">\n<th class=\"css-aqvfe2\">BPO Fork<!-- --><\/th>\n<th class=\"css-aqvfe2\">Epoch<!-- --><\/th>\n<th class=\"css-aqvfe2\">Date &amp; Time (UTC)<!-- --><\/th>\n<th class=\"css-aqvfe2\">Unix Timestamp<!-- --><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody node=\"[object Object]\" class=\"css-i54j9x\">\n<tr role=\"row\" class=\"css-0\">\n<td role=\"gridcell\" class=\"css-19nu0k5\"><strong>BPO1<!-- --><\/strong><\/td>\n<td role=\"gridcell\" class=\"css-19nu0k5\"><span class=\"chakra-text css-ons8vw\">166,400<\/span><\/td>\n<td role=\"gridcell\" class=\"css-19nu0k5\">2025-10-07 01:20:00<!-- --><\/td>\n<td role=\"gridcell\" class=\"css-19nu0k5\"><span class=\"chakra-text css-ons8vw\">1759800000<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr role=\"row\" class=\"css-0\">\n<td role=\"gridcell\" class=\"css-19nu0k5\"><strong>BPO2<!-- --><\/strong><\/td>\n<td role=\"gridcell\" class=\"css-19nu0k5\"><span class=\"chakra-text css-ons8vw\">167,936<\/span><\/td>\n<td role=\"gridcell\" class=\"css-19nu0k5\">2025-10-13 21:10:24<!-- --><\/td>\n<td role=\"gridcell\" class=\"css-19nu0k5\"><span class=\"chakra-text css-ons8vw\">1760389824<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"chakra-heading group css-2ue5ut\" id=\"sepolia-bpo-schedule\" data-group=\"true\"><a class=\"chakra-link css-njp5m2\" aria-label=\"sepolia bpo schedule permalink\" href=\"#sepolia-bpo-schedule\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"chakra-icon css-173jpr1\"><g fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M10.458,18.374,7.721,21.11a2.853,2.853,0,0,1-3.942,0l-.892-.891a2.787,2.787,0,0,1,0-3.941l5.8-5.8a2.789,2.789,0,0,1,3.942,0l.893.892A1,1,0,0,0,14.94,9.952l-.893-.892a4.791,4.791,0,0,0-6.771,0l-5.8,5.8a4.787,4.787,0,0,0,0,6.77l.892.891a4.785,4.785,0,0,0,6.771,0l2.736-2.735a1,1,0,1,0-1.414-1.415Z\"\/><path d=\"M22.526,2.363l-.892-.892a4.8,4.8,0,0,0-6.77,0l-2.905,2.9a1,1,0,0,0,1.414,1.414l2.9-2.9a2.79,2.79,0,0,1,3.941,0l.893.893a2.786,2.786,0,0,1,0,3.942l-5.8,5.8a2.769,2.769,0,0,1-1.971.817h0a2.766,2.766,0,0,1-1.969-.816,1,1,0,1,0-1.415,1.412,4.751,4.751,0,0,0,3.384,1.4h0a4.752,4.752,0,0,0,3.385-1.4l5.8-5.8a4.786,4.786,0,0,0,0-6.771Z\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/a>Sepolia BPO Schedule<!-- --><\/h4>\n<div class=\"css-ylxp7t\">\n<table role=\"table\" class=\"chakra-table css-nz8z8i\">\n<thead node=\"[object Object]\" class=\"css-0\">\n<tr role=\"row\" class=\"css-0\">\n<th class=\"css-aqvfe2\">BPO Fork<!-- --><\/th>\n<th class=\"css-aqvfe2\">Epoch<!-- --><\/th>\n<th class=\"css-aqvfe2\">Date &amp; Time (UTC)<!-- --><\/th>\n<th class=\"css-aqvfe2\">Unix Timestamp<!-- --><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody node=\"[object Object]\" class=\"css-i54j9x\">\n<tr role=\"row\" class=\"css-0\">\n<td role=\"gridcell\" class=\"css-19nu0k5\"><strong>BPO1<!-- --><\/strong><\/td>\n<td role=\"gridcell\" class=\"css-19nu0k5\"><span class=\"chakra-text css-ons8vw\">274,176<\/span><\/td>\n<td role=\"gridcell\" class=\"css-19nu0k5\">2025-10-21 03:26:24<!-- --><\/td>\n<td role=\"gridcell\" class=\"css-19nu0k5\"><span class=\"chakra-text css-ons8vw\">1761017184<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr role=\"row\" class=\"css-0\">\n<td role=\"gridcell\" class=\"css-19nu0k5\"><strong>BPO2<!-- --><\/strong><\/td>\n<td role=\"gridcell\" class=\"css-19nu0k5\"><span class=\"chakra-text css-ons8vw\">275,712<\/span><\/td>\n<td role=\"gridcell\" class=\"css-19nu0k5\">2025-10-27 23:16:48<!-- --><\/td>\n<td role=\"gridcell\" class=\"css-19nu0k5\"><span class=\"chakra-text css-ons8vw\">1761607008<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"chakra-heading group css-2ue5ut\" id=\"hoodi-bpo-schedule\" data-group=\"true\"><a class=\"chakra-link css-njp5m2\" aria-label=\"hoodi bpo schedule permalink\" href=\"#hoodi-bpo-schedule\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"chakra-icon css-173jpr1\"><g fill=\"currentColor\">\n&#8220;&#8220;&#8220;html\n<path d=\"M10.458,18.374,7.721,21.11a2.853,2.853,0,0,1-3.942,0l-.892-.891a2.787,2.787,0,0,1,0-3.941l5.8-5.8a2.789,2.789,0,0,1,3.942,0l.893.892A1,1,0,0,0,14.94,9.952l-.893-.892a4.791,4.791,0,0,0-6.771,0l-5.8,5.8a4.787,4.787,0,0,0,0,6.77l.892.891a4.785,4.785,0,0,0,6.771,0l2.736-2.735a1,1,0,1,0-1.414-1.415Z\"\/><path d=\"M22.526,2.363l-.892-.892a4.8,4.8,0,0,0-6.77,0l-2.905,2.9a1,1,0,0,0,1.414,1.414l2.9-2.9a2.79,2.79,0,0,1,3.941,0l.893.893a2.786,2.786,0,0,1,0,3.942l-5.8,5.8a2.769,2.769,0,0,1-1.971.817h0a2.766,2.766,0,0,1-1.969-.816,1,1,0,1,0-1.415,1.412,4.751,4.751,0,0,0,3.384,1.4h0a4.752,4.752,0,0,0,3.385-1.4l5.8-5.8a4.786,4.786,0,0,0,0-6.771Z\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/a>Hoodi BPO Timetable<!-- --><\/h4>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<div class=\"css-ylxp7t\">\n<table role=\"table\" class=\"chakra-table css-nz8z8i\">\n<thead node=\"[object Object]\" class=\"css-0\">\n<tr role=\"row\" class=\"css-0\">\n<th class=\"css-aqvfe2\">BPO Fork<!-- --><\/th>\n<th class=\"css-aqvfe2\">Epoch<!-- --><\/th>\n<th class=\"css-aqvfe2\">Date &amp; Time (UTC)<!-- --><\/th>\n<th class=\"css-aqvfe2\">Unix Timestamp<!-- --><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody node=\"[object Object]\" class=\"css-i54j9x\">\n<tr role=\"row\" class=\"css-0\">\n<td role=\"gridcell\" class=\"css-19nu0k5\"><strong>BPO1<!-- --><\/strong><\/td>\n<td role=\"gridcell\" class=\"css-19nu0k5\"><span class=\"chakra-text css-ons8vw\">52,480<\/span><\/td>\n<td role=\"gridcell\" class=\"css-19nu0k5\">2025-11-05 18:02:00<!-- --><\/td>\n<td role=\"gridcell\" class=\"css-19nu0k5\"><span class=\"chakra-text css-ons8vw\">1762365720<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr role=\"row\" class=\"css-0\">\n<td role=\"gridcell\" class=\"css-19nu0k5\"><strong>BPO2<!-- --><\/strong><\/td>\n<td role=\"gridcell\" class=\"css-19nu0k5\"><span class=\"chakra-text css-ons8vw\">54,016<\/span><\/td>\n<td role=\"gridcell\" class=\"css-19nu0k5\">2025-11-12 13:52:24<!-- --><\/td>\n<td role=\"gridcell\" class=\"css-19nu0k5\"><span class=\"chakra-text css-ons8vw\">1762955544<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"chakra-heading group css-5wg09l\" id=\"client-releases\" data-group=\"true\"><a class=\"chakra-link css-njp5m2\" aria-label=\"client releases permalink\" href=\"#client-releases\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"chakra-icon css-173jpr1\"><g fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M10.458,18.374,7.721,21.11a2.853,2.853,0,0,1-3.942,0l-.892-.891a2.787,2.787,0,0,1,0-3.941l5.8-5.8a2.789,2.789,0,0,1,3.942,0l.893.892A1,1,0,0,0,14.94,9.952l-.893-.892a4.791,4.791,0,0,0-6.771,0l-5.8,5.8a4.787,4.787,0,0,0,0,6.77l.892.891a4.785,4.785,0,0,0,6.771,0l2.736-2.735a1,1,0,1,0-1.414-1.415Z\"\/><path d=\"M22.526,2.363l-.892-.892a4.8,4.8,0,0,0-6.77,0l-2.905,2.9a1,1,0,0,0,1.414,1.414l2.9-2.9a2.79,2.79,0,0,1,3.941,0l.893.893a2.786,2.786,0,0,1,0,3.942l-5.8,5.8a2.769,2.769,0,0,1-1.971.817h0a2.766,2.766,0,0,1-1.969-.816,1,1,0,1,0-1.415,1.412,4.751,4.751,0,0,0,3.384,1.4h0a4.752,4.752,0,0,0,3.385-1.4l5.8-5.8a4.786,4.786,0,0,0,0-6.771Z\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/a>Client Releases<!-- --><\/h2>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">The subsequent client releases are appropriate for the Fusaka upgrade on <!-- --><strong>all three testnets<!-- --><\/strong>. Additional versions will enable support on the mainnet. Once these are launched, a further announcement will be published on this blog.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"chakra-heading group css-1i77wkk\" id=\"consensus-layer-holesky-sepolia--hoodi-releases\" data-group=\"true\"><a class=\"chakra-link css-njp5m2\" aria-label=\"consensus layer holesky sepolia  hoodi releases permalink\" href=\"#consensus-layer-holesky-sepolia--hoodi-releases\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"chakra-icon css-173jpr1\"><g fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M10.458,18.374,7.721,21.11a2.853,2.853,0,0,1-3.942,0l-.892-.891a2.787,2.787,0,0,1,0-3.941l5.8-5.8a2.789,2.789,0,0,1,3.942,0l.893.892A1,1,0,0,0,14.94,9.952l-.893-.892a4.791,4.791,0,0,0-6.771,0l-5.8,5.8a4.787,4.787,0,0,0,0,6.77l.892.891a4.785,4.785,0,0,0,6.771,0l2.736-2.735a1,1,0,1,0-1.414-1.415Z\"\/><path d=\"M22.526,2.363l-.892-.892a4.8,4.8,0,0,0-6.77,0l-2.905,2.9a1,1,0,0,0,1.414,1.414l2.9-2.9a2.79,2.79,0,0,1,3.941,0l.893.893a2.786,2.786,0,0,1,0,3.942l-5.8,5.8a2.769,2.769,0,0,1-1.971.817h0a2.766,2.766,0,0,1-1.969-.816,1,1,0,1,0-1.415,1.412,4.751,4.751,0,0,0,3.384,1.4h0a4.752,4.752,0,0,0,3.385-1.4l5.8-5.8a4.786,4.786,0,0,0,0-6.771Z\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/a>Consensus Layer Holesky, Sepolia &amp; Hoodi Releases<!-- --><\/h3>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\"><em class=\"chakra-text css-0\">When operating a validator, both the Consensus Layer Beacon Node and the Validator Client require updates.<!-- --><\/em><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><br \/>\n<!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\"><strong>Note:<!-- --><\/strong> Lodestar users must consistently utilize the most recent <!-- --><span class=\"chakra-text css-ons8vw\">rc<\/span> version showcased on their <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/ChainSafe\/lodestar\/releases\">releases page<!-- --><\/a>.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"chakra-heading group css-1i77wkk\" id=\"execution-layer-holesky-sepolia--hoodi-releases\" data-group=\"true\"><a class=\"chakra-link css-njp5m2\" aria-label=\"execution layer holesky sepolia  hoodi releases permalink\" href=\"#execution-layer-holesky-sepolia--hoodi-releases\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"chakra-icon css-173jpr1\"><g fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M10.458,18.374,7.721,21.11a2.853,2.853,0,0,1-3.942,0l-.892-.891a2.787,2.787,0,0,1,0-3.941l5.8-5.8a2.789,2.789,0,0,1,3.942,0l.893.892A1,1,0,0,0,14.94,9.952l-.893-.892a4.791,4.791,0,0,0-6.771,0l-5.8,5.8a4.787,4.787,0,0,0,0,6.77l.892.891a4.785,4.785,0,0,0,6.771,0l2.736-2.735a1,1,0,1,0-1.414-1.415Z\"\/><path d=\"M22.526,2.363l-.892-.892a4.8,4.8,0,0,0-6.77,0l-2.905,2.9a1,1,0,0,0,1.414,1.414l2.9-2.9a2.79,2.79,0,0,1,3.941,0l.893.893a2.786,2.786,0,0,1,0,3.942l-5.8,5.8a2.769,2.769,0,0,1-1.971.817h0a2.766,2.766,0,0,1-1.969-.816,1,1,0,1,0-1.415,1.412,4.751,4.751,0,0,0,3.384,1.4h0a4.752,4.752,0,0,0,3.385-1.4l5.8-5.8a4.786,4.786,0,0,0,0-6.771Z\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/a>Execution Layer Holesky, Sepolia &amp; Hoodi Releases<!-- --><\/h3>\n<p><!-- --><br \/>\n<!-- --><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"chakra-heading group css-5wg09l\" id=\"faq\" data-group=\"true\"><a class=\"chakra-link css-njp5m2\" aria-label=\"faq permalink\" href=\"#faq\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"chakra-icon css-173jpr1\"><g fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M10.458,18.374,7.721,21.11a2.853,2.853,0,0,1-3.942,0l-.892-.891a2.787,2.787,0,0,1,0-3.941l5.8-5.8a2.789,2.789,0,0,1,3.942,0l.893.892A1,1,0,0,0,14.94,9.952l-.893-.892a4.791,4.791,0,0,0-6.771,0l-5.8,5.8a4.787,4.787,0,0,0,0,6.77l.892.891a4.785,4.785,0,0,0,6.771,0l2.736-2.735a1,1,0,1,0-1.414-1.415Z\"\/><path d=\"M22.526,2.363l-.892-.892a4.8,4.8,0,0,0-6.77,0l-2.905,2.9a1,1,0,0,0,1.414,1.414l2.9-2.9a2.79,2.79,0,0,1,3.941,0l.893.893a2.786,2.786,0,0,1,0,3.942l-5.8,5.8a2.769,2.769,0,0,1-1.971.817h0a2.766,2.766,0,0,1-1.969-.816,1,1,0,1,0-1.415,1.412,4.751,4.751,0,0,0,3.384,1.4h0a4.752,4.752,0,0,0,3.385-1.4l5.8-5.8a4.786,4.786,0,0,0,0-6.771Z\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/a>FAQ<!-- --><\/h2>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"chakra-heading group css-1i77wkk\" id=\"how-do-ethereum-network-upgrades-work\" data-group=\"true\"><a class=\"chakra-link css-njp5m2\" aria-label=\"how do ethereum network upgrades work permalink\" href=\"#how-do-ethereum-network-upgrades-work\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"chakra-icon css-173jpr1\"><g fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M10.458,18.374,7.721,21.11a2.853,2.853,0,0,1-3.942,0l-.892-.891a2.787,2.787,0,0,1,0-3.941l5.8-5.8a2.789,2.789,0,0,1,3.942,0l.893.892A1,1,0,0,0,14.94,9.952l-.893-.892a4.791,4.791,0,0,0-6.771,0l-5.8,5.8a4.787,4.787,0,0,0,0,6.77l.892.891a4.785,4.785,0,0,0,6.771,0l2.736-2.735a1,1,0,1,0-1.414-1.415Z\"\/><path d=\"M22.526,2.363l-.892-.892a4.8,4.8,0,0,0-6.77,0l-2.905,2.9a1,1,0,0,0,1.414,1.414l2.9-2.9a2.79,2.79,0,0,1,3.941,0l.893.893a2.786,2.786,0,0,1,0,3.942l-5.8,5.8a2.769,2.769,0,0,1-1.971.817h0a2.766,2.766,0,0,1-1.969-.816,1,1,0,1,0-1.415,1.412,4.751,4.751,0,0,0,3.384,1.4h0a4.752,4.752,0,0,0,3.385-1.4l5.8-5.8a4.786,4.786,0,0,0,0-6.771Z\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/a>How do Ethereum network upgrades function<!-- --><\/h3>\n<p>&#8220;&#8220;&#8220;html<\/p>\n<h3>How do upgrades function?<!-- --><\/h3>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">Upgrades to the Ethereum network necessitate explicit consent from node operators on the network. Although client developers reach an agreement on which EIPs are part of an upgrade, they are not the final arbiters of its implementation.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">For the upgrade to become active, validators and non-staking nodes must manually refresh their software to accommodate the protocol alterations being proposed.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">If they utilize an Ethereum client that is not upgraded to the current version (as mentioned above), at the fork block, it will disconnect from the updated peers, resulting in a fork on the network. In this case, each group of the network nodes will only maintain connections with those who share their (un)updated status.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">While the majority of Ethereum upgrades are non-controversial and instances resulting in forks have been infrequent, the capacity for node operators to collaborate on whether to endorse an upgrade is a significant aspect of Ethereum&#8217;s governance.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">For a more detailed overview of Ethereum&#8217;s governance process, refer to <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"chakra-link css-ug8vf0\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=HoclxIBR2EM\">this presentation by Tim Beiko<!-- --><\/a>.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"chakra-heading group css-1i77wkk\" id=\"as-an-ethereum-mainnet-user-or-eth-holder-is-there-anything-i-need-to-do\" data-group=\"true\"><a class=\"chakra-link css-njp5m2\" aria-label=\"as an ethereum mainnet user or eth holder is there anything i need to do permalink\" href=\"#as-an-ethereum-mainnet-user-or-eth-holder-is-there-anything-i-need-to-do\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"chakra-icon css-173jpr1\"><g fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M10.458,18.374,7.721,21.11a2.853,2.853,0,0,1-3.942,0l-.892-.891a2.787,2.787,0,0,1,0-3.941l5.8-5.8a2.789,2.789,0,0,1,3.942,0l.893.892A1,1,0,0,0,14.94,9.952l-.893-.892a4.791,4.791,0,0,0-6.771,0l-5.8,5.8a4.787,4.787,0,0,0,0,6.77l.892.891a4.785,4.785,0,0,0,6.771,0l2.736-2.735a1,1,0,1,0-1.414-1.415Z\"\/><path d=\"M22.526,2.363l-.892-.892a4.8,4.8,0,0,0-6.77,0l-2.905,2.9a1,1,0,0,0,1.414,1.414l2.9-2.9a2.79,2.79,0,0,1,3.941,0l.893.893a2.786,2.786,0,0,1,0,3.942l-5.8,5.8a2.769,2.769,0,0,1-1.971.817h0a2.766,2.766,0,0,1-1.969-.816,1,1,0,1,0-1.415,1.412,4.751,4.751,0,0,0,3.384,1.4h0a4.752,4.752,0,0,0,3.385-1.4l5.8-5.8a4.786,4.786,0,0,0,0-6.771Z\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/a>As an Ethereum mainnet user or ETH holder, is there any action I should take?<!-- --><\/h3>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">In brief, no.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">This notification exclusively concerns Ethereum testnets. A subsequent announcement will be issued regarding Fusaka&#8217;s activation on the Ethereum mainnet, but even then, Ethereum mainnet users and ETH holders are not anticipated to need to take any measures.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"chakra-heading group css-1i77wkk\" id=\"as-a-non-staking-testnet-node-operator-what-do-i-need-to-do\" data-group=\"true\"><a class=\"chakra-link css-njp5m2\" aria-label=\"as a non staking testnet node operator what do i need to do permalink\" href=\"#as-a-non-staking-testnet-node-operator-what-do-i-need-to-do\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"chakra-icon css-173jpr1\"><g fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M10.458,18.374,7.721,21.11a2.853,2.853,0,0,1-3.942,0l-.892-.891a2.787,2.787,0,0,1,0-3.941l5.8-5.8a2.789,2.789,0,0,1,3.942,0l.893.892A1,1,0,0,0,14.94,9.952l-.893-.892a4.791,4.791,0,0,0-6.771,0l-5.8,5.8a4.787,4.787,0,0,0,0,6.77l.892.891a4.785,4.785,0,0,0,6.771,0l2.736-2.735a1,1,0,1,0-1.414-1.415Z\"\/><path d=\"M22.526,2.363l-.892-.892a4.8,4.8,0,0,0-6.77,0l-2.905,2.9a1,1,0,0,0,1.414,1.414l2.9-2.9a2.79,2.79,0,0,1,3.941,0l.893.893a2.786,2.786,0,0,1,0,3.942l-5.8,5.8a2.769,2.769,0,0,1-1.971.817h0a2.766,2.766,0,0,1-1.969-.816,1,1,0,1,0-1.415,1.412,4.751,4.751,0,0,0,3.384,1.4h0a4.752,4.752,0,0,0,3.385-1.4l5.8-5.8a4.786,4.786,0,0,0,0-6.771Z\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/a>As a non-staking testnet node operator, what should I do?<!-- --><\/h3>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">To align with the upgrade on any of these testnets, refresh your node&#8217;s execution and consensus layer clients to the versions indicated in the table above.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"chakra-heading group css-1i77wkk\" id=\"as-a-testnet-staker-what-do-i-need-to-do\" data-group=\"true\"><a class=\"chakra-link css-njp5m2\" aria-label=\"as a testnet staker what do i need to do permalink\" href=\"#as-a-testnet-staker-what-do-i-need-to-do\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"chakra-icon css-173jpr1\"><g fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M10.458,18.374,7.721,21.11a2.853,2.853,0,0,1-3.942,0l-.892-.891a2.787,2.787,0,0,1,0-3.941l5.8-5.8a2.789,2.789,0,0,1,3.942,0l.893.892A1,1,0,0,0,14.94,9.952l-.893-.892a4.791,4.791,0,0,0-6.771,0l-5.8,5.8a4.787,4.787,0,0,0,0,6.77l.892.891a4.785,4.785,0,0,0,6.771,0l2.736-2.735a1,1,0,1,0-1.414-1.415Z\"\/><path d=\"M22.526,2.363l-.892-.892a4.8,4.8,0,0,0-6.77,0l-2.905,2.9a1,1,0,0,0,1.414,1.414l2.9-2.9a2.79,2.79,0,0,1,3.941,0l.893.893a2.786,2.786,0,0,1,0,3.942l-5.8,5.8a2.769,2.769,0,0,1-1.971.817h0a2.766,2.766,0,0,1-1.969-.816,1,1,0,1,0-1.415,1.412,4.751,4.751,0,0,0,3.384,1.4h0a4.752,4.752,0,0,0,3.385-1.4l5.8-5.8a4.786,4.786,0,0,0,0-6.771Z\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/a>As a testnet staker, what actions should I take?<!-- --><\/h3>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">To align with the upgrade on any of these testnets, refresh your node&#8217;s execution and consensus layer clients to the versions specified in the table above. <!-- --><strong>Ensure that both your beacon node and validator client are upgraded.<!-- --><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"chakra-heading group css-1i77wkk\" id=\"as-a-non-testnet-node-operator-or-staker-what-do-i-need-to-do\" data-group=\"true\"><a class=\"chakra-link css-njp5m2\" aria-label=\"as a non testnet node operator or staker what do i need to do permalink\" href=\"#as-a-non-testnet-node-operator-or-staker-what-do-i-need-to-do\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"chakra-icon css-173jpr1\"><g fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M10.458,18.374,7.721,21.11a2.853,2.853,0,0,1-3.942,0l-.892-.891a2.787,2.787,0,0,1,0-3.941l5.8-5.8a2.789,2.789,0,0,1,3.942,0l.893.892A1,1,0,0,0,14.94,9.952l-.893-.892a4.791,4.791,0,0,0-6.771,0l-5.8,5.8a4.787,4.787,0,0,0,0,6.77l.892.891a4.785,4.785,0,0,0,6.771,0l2.736-2.735a1,1,0,1,0-1.414-1.415Z\"\/><path d=\"M22.526,2.363l-.892-.892a4.8,4.8,0,0,0-6.77,0l-2.905,2.9a1,1,0,0,0,1.414,1.414l2.9-2.9a2.79,2.79,0,0,1,3.941,0l.893.893a2.786,2.786,0,0,1,0,3.942l-5.8,5.8a2.769,2.769,0,0,1-1.971.817h0a2.766,2.766,0,0,1-1.969-.816,1,1,0,1,0-1.415,1.412,4.751,4.751,0,0,0,3.384,1.4h0a4.752,4.752,0,0,0,3.385-1.4l5.8-5.8a4.786,4.786,0,0,0,0-6.771Z\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/a>As a non-testnet node operator or staker, what should I do?<!-- --><\/h3>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">Nothing at the moment. Additional announcements will follow regarding Fusaka&#8217;s launch on the mainnet.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"chakra-heading group css-1i77wkk\" id=\"as-an-application-or-tooling-developer-what-should-i-do\" data-group=\"true\"><a class=\"chakra-link css-njp5m2\" aria-label=\"as an application or tooling developer what should i do permalink\" href=\"#as-an-application-or-tooling-developer-what-should-i-do\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"chakra-icon css-173jpr1\"><g fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M10.458,18.374,7.721,21.11a2.853,2.853,0,0,1-3.942,0l-.892-.891a2.787,2.787,0,0,1,0-3.941l5.8-5.8a2.789,2.789,0,0,1,3.942,0l.893.892A1,1,0,0,0,14.94,9.952l-.893-.892a4.791,4.791,0,0,0-6.771,0l-5.8,5.8a4.787,4.787,0,0,0,0,6.77l.892.891a4.785,4.785,0,0,0,6.771,0l2.736-2.735a1,1,0,1,0-1.414-1.415Z\"\/><path d=\"M22.526,2.363l-.892-.892a4.8,4.8,0,0,0-6.77,0l-2.905,2.9a1,1,0,0,0,1.414,1.414l2.9-2.9a2.79,2.79,0,0,1,3.941,0l.893.893a2.786,2.786,0,0,1,0,3.942l-5.8,5.8a2.769,2.769,0,0,1-1.971.817h0a2.766,2.766,0,0,1-1.969-.816,1,1,0,1,0-1.415,1.412,4.751,4.751,0,0,0,3.384,1.4h0a4.752,4.752,0,0,0,3.385-1.4l5.8-5.8a4.786,4.786,0,0,0,0-6.771Z\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/a>As an application or tooling developer, what steps should I take?<!-- --><\/h3>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">Examine the EIPs incorporated in Fusaka to evaluate if and how they influence your project. The addition of PeerDAS, secp256r1 support, and the new CLZ opcode present exciting prospects for improved functionality and performance enhancements.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"chakra-heading group css-1i77wkk\" id=\"why-fusaka\" data-group=\"true\"><a class=\"chakra-link css-njp5m2\" aria-label=\"why fusaka permalink\" href=\"#why-fusaka\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"chakra-icon css-173jpr1\"><g fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M10.458,18.374,7.721,21.11a2.853,2.853,0,0,1-3.942,0l-.892-.891a2.787,2.787,0,0,1,0-3.941l5.8-5.8a2.789,2.789,0,0,1,3.942,0l.893.892A1,1,0,0,0,14.94,9.952l-.893-.892a4.791,4.791,0,0,0-6.771,0l-5.8,5.8a4.787,4.787,0,0,0,0,6.77l.892.891a4.785,4.785,0,0,0,6.771,0l2.736-2.735a1,1,0,1,0-1.414-1.415Z\"\/><path d=\"M22.526,2.363l-.892-.892a4.8,4.8,0,0,0-6.77,0l-2.905,2.9a1,1,0,0,0,1.414,1.414l2.9-2.9a2.79,2.79,0,0,1,3.941,0l.893.893a2.786,2.786,0,0,1,0,3.942l-5.8,5.8a2.769,2.769,0,0,1-1.971.817h0a2.766,2.766,0,0,1-1.969-.816,1,1,0,1,0-1.415,1.412,4.751,4.751,0,0,0,3.384,1.4h0a4.752,4.752,0,0,0,3.385-1.4l5.8-5.8a4.786,4.786,0,0,0,0-6.771Z\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/a>Why &#8220;Fusaka&#8221;?<!-- --><\/h3>\n<p><!-- --><\/p>\n<p class=\"chakra-text css-gi02ar\">Updates to the execution layer are named after Devcon city names, whereas those pertaining to the consensus layer utilize star names. &#8220;Fusaka&#8221; is a blend of Fulu, a star in the constellation of Cassiopeia, and Osaka, the site of Devcon V.<!-- --><\/p>\n<p>&#8220;`<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&#8220;`html Fusaka aligns with this year&#8217;s Pectra enhancement, signifying a significant advancement in Ethereum&#8217;s scaling strategy by introducing PeerDAS along with critical enhancements that improve blob throughput, L1 efficiency, and user interaction. This article reveals the testing network activation timetable for the initial three testnets, commencing with Holesky at slot 5,283,840 (October 1, 2025, 08:48:00<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":16416,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[3732],"class_list":{"0":"post-16415","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-ethereum","8":"tag-return-a-list-of-comma-separated-tags-from-this-title-fusaka-testnet-announcement-ethereum-foundation-blog"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Unveiling the Fusaka Testnet: A New Era in Ethereum Development - WSJ-Crypto<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/wsj-crypto.com\/index.php\/2025\/09\/27\/unveiling-the-fusaka-testnet-a-new-era-in-ethereum-development\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"it_IT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Unveiling the Fusaka Testnet: A New Era in Ethereum Development - WSJ-Crypto\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"&#8220;`html Fusaka aligns with this year&#8217;s Pectra enhancement, signifying a significant advancement in Ethereum&#8217;s scaling strategy by introducing PeerDAS along with critical enhancements that improve blob throughput, L1 efficiency, and user interaction. 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